310 



BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



vandns, and another $ as dark as the ab. unicolor, but rather heavily- 

 spotted. From the Kilo Dagh, on the other hand, they are lighter,, 

 the 2 exceptionally light, probably to be referred to ab. laranda. 

 From Eoumania Fleck reports the forms jfaxilkowxkii and unicolor, both 

 of which were originally described from Bukovina by Hormuzaki, the 

 former is _ small with a narrow border and obsolescent spotting, the 

 latter, also obsolescent in spotting, and with dark dull blue unicolorous 

 ground. Graves reports (in Int.) that in the neighbourhood of 

 Constantinople he has only found the species near Therapia, that the 

 specimens are fairly large (4246mm.) and lightly coloured, but less so 

 than British examples. From Parnassus come dark specimens, quite of 

 the obscura form and varying very much in size. The Urals produce two 

 races which do not, however, differ very greatly, the single marginal row 

 of spots on the.underside in var. riihli being only an exaggerated form of 

 the obsolescence of these spots in var. uralensis. Absence of the basal 

 spots of the hindwing, which occurs more or less completely in var. 

 riihli, is also typical of the specimens from other parts of Eastern 

 Russia, while those from St. Petersburg are quite normal in this- 

 respect (Kroulikovsky). The Asiatic races are all marked by the 

 extent of the blue (somewhat greenish-blue) suffusion of the underside 

 of the hindwings, which in extreme cases touches the marginal line of 

 spots. In other respects they vary much as do the European in the 

 amount of black suffusion in the upperside and in the character of the 

 spotting. Many are as dark as var. obscura and, in fact, only 

 differ from the European forms of this variety by the characteristic 

 suffusion beneath. The Thibetan var. fatsi'enluica is, on the other 

 hand, large, pale, and with very obsolete spotting. Certain Asiatic 

 races, moreover, are aberrant in two further directions, the ground- 

 colour and the shape of the wings. In var. aniurensis, from the Amoor r 

 the ground-colour is a dull lavender-grey over which is a sprinkling of 

 scales of the normal colour; var. naritna from East Turkestan also shows 

 some approach to this colour. In the latter the wings seem somewhat 

 narrow and elongated, but this peculiarity is much exaggerated in var. 

 amurensis, unless, indeed, Graeser's specimens from Pokrofka belong 

 to the former variety. As he says they differ little in colour from 

 Herrich-Scbaffer's figure of cyanecvla, they would seem to belong; 

 there, though both the shape of the wings and the locality would 

 rather have appeared to connect them with var. amurensis. 



Oriental Forms. 



These being the most distinctive we will consider them first. They 

 differ greatly in other respects, but are alike in the greenish-blue tint 

 and the extent of the suffusion on the underside of the hindwing. 



(a) var. cyanecula, Evers., "Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc," pt. 3, p. 207 (1848); Dbldy. 

 andWestw., "Gen.Diurn.Lep." ii., p. 491 (1852); Led., '-Verh.zool.-bot. Gesells.," 

 ii., p. 20 (1852) ; Gerh., " Mon.," p. 19, pi. \xxvi., tigs. 2 a, b (1852) ; H.-Sch., 

 " Syst. Beiirb.," vi., p. 25, pi. exxiii., figs. 593, 4 (1856); Stand., "Cut.," 1st 

 ed., p. (1861) ; 2nd ed., p. 14 (1871); Kirby, " Syn. Cat.," p. 374 (1871); Graes., 

 " Berl. Ent. Zeits.," p. 81 (1888); Dale, " Hist. Brit. Butts.," p. 60 (1890); Brom., 

 "Butts. Biv.," p. 45 (1892); Stand., "Bom. Mem. Lep.," vi., p. 165 (1892); Buhl, 

 "Pal. Gr-Schmett.," pp. 308 (1893), 769 (1895); Tutt, "Brit. Butts.," p. 15a 

 (1896); Elwes, "Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.," p. 329 (1899); Staud., "Cat.," 3rd ed., 

 p. 98 (1901); Lamb., "Pap. Belg.," p. 254 (1902); Courv., "Ent. Zeits.," xxiv., 

 p. 202 (1910) ; Seitz, " Gr.-Schmett.," p. 321, pi. lxxxiii., c (1910).— Alae superne 

 caeruleae punctis oidinariis maculatae margine externo nigro, ciliis albis nigro- 



