LYOAENA ARION. 347 



range of latitude and altitude in France naturally results in the 

 inclusion of the earliest and latest dates, and June and July in the 

 plains, and July and August in the mountains, are the nearest approach 

 to exactness that can be compassed, due regard being paid to latitude, 

 elevation and season. The same may be said with regard to Switzer- 

 land. In Germany we find some apparent contradictions, which, no 

 doubt, iu the light of home experience, point to a different time of 

 emergence in different seasons. In Pomerania July is given by 

 Hering, who describes arion as abundant, while Plotz and Spormann 

 regard it as very scarce. In East and West Prussia Speiser says that 

 it appears in July and early August, which is borne out by the dates 

 July 28th- August 3rd, given by Schmid for Dantzig, and July 2nd to 

 August 3rd for Konigsberg. For Hanover Rehberg gives July, and 

 Glitz the end of June. The 2nd half of June is also noted by Maassen 

 in the Rhine Provinces. In Hesse July and August are mentioned by 

 Koch, a term which in Nassau is reduced to July by Rossler, and the 

 early days of July by Fuchs, whilst Jager gives the last half of August 

 at Biededkopf. Speyer gives the middle of June to the middle of 

 August for Waldeck, and Gillmer the shorter period, end of June to 

 beginning of August, for Anhalt. Wilde gives June and July for the 

 Province of Saxony and Fischer the same period for the Hartz 

 district, while Bartel mentions July and August for Brandenburg and 

 Kretschmer the same dates for Frankfort on-Maine. In Silesia, whilst 

 W T ocke says June and July, Doring gives July and August. Similarly, 

 Winkler's dates for the kingdom of Saxony are June and July, while 

 other writers give July only ; and in Bavaria Hofmann gives July, 

 which is reduced by Schmid to the last half of the month, and 

 extended by Kranz to the long period June to August. Mees and 

 Spuler mention the equally lengthy period middle of June to August 

 for Baden, and it must be remembered that both the Kingdom and the 

 Grand Duchy have a great variety of elevation. In Austria much the 

 same conditions prevail as in Germany. Nickerl states that this species 

 is to be found in Bohemia in July and August, whilst Hiittner gives 

 June and July for Karlsbad. July and August are also mentioned for 

 Upper Austria (Brittinger), Lower Austria (Rossi), and Galicia 

 (Xowicki), whilst Schneider gives the middle of June to August for 

 Moravia. Hoffner the end of June to August for Carinthia, and 

 Hormuzaki took it fresh in the alpine region of Bukovina at the 

 beginning of the latter month. In Russia Dampf gives July for Wilna 

 and Romanoff the same month for Transcaucasia, whilst Nolcken 

 states that arion occurs in the Baltic Provinces from the 20th of June 

 far into July, and Bartel gives June for Urals. Zapater records it 

 from the neighbourhood of Albarracin in July and all Chapman's 

 dates for the central table-land of Spain are in the same month. In 

 Italy, Norris took it in Piedmont near Certosa di Pesio in June and 

 July, the early part of the latter month appears to be its usual time of 

 emergence on the southern slopes of the Alps ; Stefanelli reports it 

 from Tuscany in the same month, adding that in some years it is also 

 to be found during part of August, whilst Wheeler took it at an 

 altitude of 4,000ft. in the Abruzzi, much worn by the middle of June. 

 In Bulgaria Mrs. Nicholl found it in the middle of July, but 

 in Bosnia during the last ten days of June, whilst for Roumania 

 Fleck give July to September ! In contrast to this Graves found 



