10 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



(Ransom) ; larvae, July 14th, 1899, on Galium verum at Benfleet 

 (Whittle); larvae, fullfed, in September, 1901, at Margate (Barrett). 

 Larva. — First insta?' (nearly fullgrown) : Very small, only 

 about 3mm. in length, colour of a much brighter yellow-green than 

 the tint of any other Sphingid larva known to me in this stage. In 

 general shape, the larva is cylindrical, rather short and stout, not 

 tapering to any appreciable extent. The head rounded, not very 

 small (considering that the larva described is near moulting), 

 bears a few black hairs, not bifid. The junction of head and 

 thorax marked by a black line, as is also the junction of .the lobes 

 and the line of clypeal triangles. The body tubercles large, black, 

 chitinous, almost wart-like in their large size, yet each only bearing 

 a single hair except on the meso- and metathorax on which iii 

 carries two hairs, and i and ii have a common base bearing the 

 two setae on the 3rd subdivision of the segment ; on the abdominal 

 segments i and ii are placed trapezoidally, i on the 3rd and ii on 

 the 6th subdivision of each segment ; on the meso- and metathoracic 

 segments, iii is on the middle subsegment and carries two hairs, 

 while of the subspiraculars only the prespiracular (v) is in evidence, 

 iv, as is usual in the Sphingid larvae, being absent. On the ab- 

 dominal segments, iii is single-haired and placed on the 4th subsegment 

 of each segment ; iv is on the lateral flange below and slightly posterior 

 to spiracle ; the prespiracular (v) is on the anterior edge of the seg- 

 ment, almost directly in front of the spiracle. There appear to be 8 

 subsegments to each abdominal segment, judging by the rows of sha- 

 green tubercles or mammillae of the next skin now showing through, 

 and 5 to the meso- and metathorax. The setae are stout black bristles, 

 much larger than those of Eumorphd (elpenor) and Tlieretra (porcellusj, 

 and bifid at the tip. The prothoracic scutellum does not differ 

 in colour from the general tint of the body, but is distinctly raised 

 above the general skin surface ; it bears 6 tubercles on its anterior 

 and 4 on its posterior margin, the outermost of the anterior row 

 carries two setae ; the only other tubercle on the prothorax above the 

 ventral area is the prespiracular and this also bears two setae. 

 The horn is peculiar, being either black or very dark purple, 

 short and thick, tapering but slightly, and rising abruptly from 

 the skin-surface, in fact, it looks like an enormously raised tubercle, 

 it contrasts so strongly with the skin ; it is roughened by minute 

 spicules or bristles and bears, as usual, the anterior trapezoidals 

 (i) at the summit. The spiracles are rimmed with black chitin, 

 very large on prothorax and the 7th and 8th abdominals, small 

 on abdominal segments 1 — 6 (about half the size of those on 7 

 and 8). The three anal plates are of a tint varying from dark 

 dusky to black. The prolegs bear small, flat, dusky-coloured 

 plates, on which the marginal series of hairs are situated, and the 

 ventral tubercles above the legs bear two hairs, those on the 1st 

 and 2nd abdominals being single-haired. The lateral flange is fairly 

 developed, both iv and the prespiracular (v) are placed on it, 

 iv on the summit of the ridge and the prespiracular (v) on its upper 

 edge, on that part which curves upwards somewhat at anterior 

 edge of segment. Second instar : The usual change that Sphingid 

 larvae are subject to at 1st moult has occurred. The primary setae 

 and tubercles are greatly reduced in size (comparatively with size 



