EUMORPHIN^. 



37 



1 porcellus. 



4- 



2 elpenor. 



5 lineata. 



5 



6 euphorbiae 



Tongue strongly developed. Antennae less than \, gradually thickened to near 

 apex, then pointed, apex slender, hooked. Abdomen smooth, broad, conical, 

 pointed. Tibia? with appressed scales. 



Basal area of hindwings black . . . . . . . . 2. 



Basal area of hindwings not black . . . . . . 6. 



Disc of hindwings rosy . . . . . . . . . . •?. 



Disc of hindwings yellow-ochreous 



Hindwings with black subterminal fascia 



Hindwings without such fascia 



Fore wings with anterior edge of pale band straight . . 



Forewings with anterior edge of pale band irregular . . 



5. Edge of dark postmedian band reaching middle of 



dorsum 

 Edge of dark postmedian band reaching dorsum before 



middle . . . . . . . . . . . , 7 gallii. 



6. Forewings light brown . . . . . . . . 3 celerio. 



Forewings olive-green . . . . . . . . 4 nerii. 



Bartel also includes ( Palaeark. Gross-Schmett., ii., pp. 52 — 58) the 

 whole of the Eumorphinae in his genus Deilefthila, and gives the 

 insufficient reason that, to have divided it even into " the two 

 natural groups into which the species fall," he would have had to 

 make a change in the synonymy. He diagnoses these two 

 groups as follows : 



1. Deilephila-GROUP. — Larva cylindrical, glabrous, reduced only slightly 

 towards the head, otherwise of almost equal width throughout the whole length ; 

 the head moderately small but not retractile; a horn on the I lth segment (with 

 the exception of D. vespertilio) ; rather brightly coloured, variegated with spots 

 on the sides, varying considerably [inter se) in ground colour and markings 

 (that of D. vespertilio is very constant in its characters). Cocoon on the ground, 

 slight, between spun-together leaves. Pupa cylindrical with conical cremaster 

 that terminates rather sharply ; no projecting maxilla-sheath. Imagines with 

 lairly uniform pattern on forewings (with the exception of D. vespertilio) ; hind- 

 wings red, black at the base, with black band before the border. 



2. Chcerocampa-GROUP.— Larva glabrous*, narrowed towards the head; 

 usually on either side of 4th segment a large eye-spot, followed by similar spots 

 on the side of the body ; the thoracic segments more slender and capable of 

 being withdrawn into the 4th segment ; the first three segments elongate, in the 

 form of a swine's snout; usually a horn on the nth segment (occasionally 

 wanting and then replaced by a horny wart-like elevation t) ; usually dimorphic, 

 green and dark brown. Cocoon on the surface of the ground, coarse-meshed, 

 composed of spun-together remains of plants and particles of earth. Pupa conical, 

 anteriorly almost truncated ; maxilla-case sometimes slightly prominent. Imagines 

 very varied in colour and pattern. 



He then gives the following table, which is evidently quite 

 artificial, and only accidentally agreeing with natural affinities, for the 

 differentiation of the species : 



I. Antennae always with a tuft of hairs at end. 



A. Hindwings in the middle red, at the base black, and with a black aim )st 

 obsolete band in marginal area. 



* The larva of Deilephila syriaca, a species which approaches those of 

 Smerinthus, is, according to Lederer, not glabrous but rough and shagreened 

 (Bartel). Superficially on larval characters, this species appears to belong to an 

 entirely different group of the Eumorphids, being far removed from the Eumorphid 

 [sens, strict.) and Phiryxid stirpes. It approaches the Sesiid and Hemarid larval forms 

 in coloration and pattern, and is possibly one of the least specialised of all the 

 Eumorphids, the Daphnid branch possibly intervening between it and tiie 

 Eumorphids (sens, strict.) and Phryxids (Bacot). See also Weismann ( Studies 

 in Theory of Descent, transl. p. 191, pi. iv., fig. 29). 



f This is not exact ; the larva of Theretra porcellus has not a horny wart 

 in place of the caudal horn (Bacot). 



