60 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



"Die Schmett.," ii., p. 209 (1808); Shaw and Nodder, "Viv. Nat.," xxi., pi. 

 988 (1810) ; Leach, " Edin. Encycl.," ix., p. 130 (1815) ; Dalm., "Vet. Ak. 

 HandL," xxxvii., p. 215 (1816) ; Lam., "Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert.," ivv, p. 

 11 (1817); Samouelle, " Ent. Comp.," p. 243 (1819); Godt., "Hist. Nat.," hi., 

 p. 46, pi. xviii (1821); Bdv.. "Eur. Lep. Ind. Meth.," p. 32 (1829); Meig., 

 "Eur. Schmett.," ii.. p. 134 (1830); Zett., " Ins. Lapp.," p. 916 (1840); Evers., 

 "Faun. Vol g\- Ural.," p. 109 (1844); Assm., "Schmett. Schles.," ii., p. 32, pi. 

 xi., figs. 34 a— d (1845) ; H.-Sch., " Sys.Bearb.," ii., p. 85 (1846) ; Speyer, " Geog. 

 Verb.," i., p. 316 (1858) ; ii., p 280 (1862) ; Hein., "Schmett. Deutsch'.," i., p. 145 

 (1859) ; Bang-Haas, " Nat. Tids.," (3), ix., p. 401 (1874). Spinx, Rudolph, "Hand- 

 buch," &c, p. 81 (1766). Deilephila [Lasp.], " Jena. Allg. Lit. Zeit.," iv., p. 100 

 (i8oq); Ochs., "Die Schmett.," iv., pp. 42—43 (1816) ; Curt., " Brit.- Ent.," i., pi. 

 iii (1823); Stephs., "111. Haust.," i., p. 131 (1828); "Cat. Br. Ins.," ii., 

 p. 33 (1829); Bdv., "Icon. Chen.," pi. iv., rigs. 1 — 2 (circ. 1840); "Gen. et 

 Ind. Meth.," p. 46 (1840); Wood, "Ind. Ent.," fig. 18 (1839); Dup., "Icon. 

 Chen.," pi. v., fig. 2 (circ. 1835); "Cat. Meth.," p. 42 (1844); Heydrch., 

 "Lep. Eur. Cat. Meth.," ed. 1, p. 19 (185 1 ) ; Staud., "Cat.," ed. I, p. 16 

 (1861); 2nd ed., p. 37 (1871); Ramb., "Cat. Lep. And.," p. 131 (1866); Snell., 

 "De Vlind.," p. 95 (1867); Berce, "Faun. Franc.," ii., p. 23 (1868); Mill., 

 "Cat. Lep. Alp. -Mar.," p. 118 (1872); Cuni y Mart., " Cat. Lep. Bare," 

 p. 40 (1874); Curd, "Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," vii.,'p. 112 (1875); Frev, "Lep. 

 Schweiz," p. 58 (1880) ; Mina-Pal., "Nat. Sic," vii., p. 134 (1888) ; Auriv., " Nord. 

 Fjar.," p. 46 (1889); Meyr., " Handbk.," p. 295 (1895); Bartel, " Pakeark. Gross- 

 Schmett.,' ii., p. 116 (1900). Elpenor, Oken, "Lehrb. Zool.," i., p. 760(1815). 

 Oreus, Hb., " Verz.," p. 136 (circ. 1822) ; Stephs., " 111.," app. p. 5 (1834) ; " List 

 Br. An. Br. Mus.," p. 29 (1850). Choerocampa, Dup., "Hist. Nat.," supp. 

 ii., pp. 159, 160 (1835); Humph. & Westd., "Brit. Aloths," i., p. 22 (1841); 

 Dbldy., "List Brit. Lep.," p. 3 (1847); Sta., "Man.." i., p. 96 (1857) ; 

 Humph., "Gen. Brit. Moths," p. 11 (i860); Wallgrn., " Skand. Het.," i., p. 

 44 (1863); Newm., "Ent.," hi., p. 127 (1866); "Brit. Moths," p. 10(1869); 

 Bdv., "Hist. Nat. Sphing.," p. 279 (1875); Kirby, "Eur. Butts, and 

 Moths," p. 72, pi. xvi., fig. 3a— c (1879) ; " Handbook," &c, iv., p. 

 18 (1897) ; Auriv., "Sv. Vet. Hand.," xix., p. 137 (1882); Buckl., " Larvav' 

 &c, ii., p. 113, pi. xxv., fig. 3 (1887) ; Barr., "Brit. Lep., ii., p. 59 

 (1895); Tutt, "Brit. Moths," p. 29 (1896); South, "Ent," xxxi., pp. 155, 

 228 (1898). Metopsihis, Dune, "Brit. Moths," p. 161 (1836); Westd., "Gen. 

 Synops.." p. 89 (1840). Chaerocampa, Butl., " Trans. Zool. Soc. Loud.," ix., 

 pt. 10, p. 554 (1876) ; Leech, " Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.," 1888, p. 5S4 (1888) ; " Trans. 

 Ent. Soc. Lond.," 1898, p. 282 (1898); Hamps., "Moths India," i., p. 84 (1892) ; 

 Staud., "Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 103 (1901). Theretra, Kirby, "Cat.." p. 650 (1892). 



The genus Eumorpha was founded by Hiibner in 1806 (Tent., 

 p. 1), and elpenor fixed as the type. Hiibner places it in his tribe 

 iii of the Sphingids, and notes : Eumorpfle — Eumorpha elpenor. 

 He had already described and figured the species as Sphinx elpenor 

 (Eur. Schmett., p. 61, and Larvae Lep., ii,, Sph. iii., Legit. B, b., 

 figs. 2 a-b). Curtis, in 1824, fixed elpenor as the type of Deilephila, 

 Lasp. ; we have declared elpenor the type of Elpenor, Oken ; 

 Stephens, in 1850, cited elpenor as the type of Orcits, Hb., and 

 Westwood, in 1840, cited elpenor as the type of Mclopsilus, Dune, 

 so that Deilephila, Elpenor, Oreus and Metopsilus all fall as synonyms 

 of Eumorpha, Hb., all having elpenor as the specific type. There is a 

 very close alliance between Eumorpha and Theretra, of which elpenor and 

 porcellus are respectively the types. The eggs are very similar. There 

 is, however, considerable difference in the larva? in their first instar, so 

 far as relates to the development of the caudal horn; in T. porcellus 

 it is merely a raised skin area, bearing tubercles i, whilst in the 

 former it is a long dark crimson or purple bristly horn bearing i, as 

 twin bristles, at the summit. The horn of T. porcellus has presumably 

 been larger, and is now aborted to such an extent that, in size, it is less 

 developed than in Dimorpha vcrsicolora or even Eu trie ha quercifolia 

 (Bacot). Chapman has already shown (anted, pp. 58-59) that the pupa 



