EUMORPHA ELPENOR. 61 



of Theretra (porcellus) is rather more specialised than that of 

 Eumorpha (elpenor). He further writes: "The pupa of Gurelca hyas is 

 the only one (of the few known to me) that has any direct bearing on the 

 curious development of spines in the pupae of E. elpenor and T. porcellus. 

 This species has a facies very close to Sesia (Macroglossa) as an imago. 

 The pupa, however, is much less so. It is cylindrical (not flattened) 

 pale in colour (Eumorphid), pitted (wrinkling not advanced). The 

 labrum is anterior, beginning to get dorsal. The pupa has, however, a 

 peculiar ridge, just in the lines that the spines occupy in E. elpenor, 

 which proceeds direct to the spiracle, which it appears to enclose, but 

 rather more as if it went round it in front than behind. The ridge 

 is dark coloured and smooth (free from spines) ; in front of the 

 anterior one (on 5th segment) the surface is transversely wrinkled 

 in contrast to pitting elsewhere. It suggests a Darapsa pupa that 

 had advanced some way towards both Eumorpha (elpenor) and Sesia 

 (Macroglossa), with some special advance of its own." In the imagines 

 it may be well to notice that E. elpenor has the first joint of the 

 palpus about -§ width of second, whilst T. porcellus has it only about 

 ^ to \ (Chapman). Hampson diagnoses the genus (Ind. Moths, i., p. 

 84) as : 



Antennae with the hook short and slight, the palpi moderately broad and 

 quadrate at tip ; apex of hindwing acute ; the discocellulars oblique. 



Eumorpha elpenop, Linne. 



Synonymy. — Species : Elpenor, Linn., " Sys. Nat.," xth ed., p. 491 (1758) ; 

 xiith ed., p. 801 (1767), &c. Porcus, Retz., "Gen. et Spec. Ins.," p. 34 (1783). 

 Vitis, Oken, " Lehrb. Zool.," i., p. 760 (1815). [Note. — This species has been 

 known by Linne's name, elpe?ior, by every author of repute, except Retzius and 

 Oken. The whole of the references mentioned under the generic synonymy 

 (Eumorpha, antea, pp. 59-60), except those relating to these authors, designate 

 elpenor as the specific name of this insect.] 



Original description. — Sphinx elpenor, alis integris viridi 

 purpureoque variis : inferioribus basi atris. En. Suec, 811. Mouff., 

 Ins., 183. Pet., Gaz., t. 40, f. 11, 12, 17. Merian, Ins., 2, t. 33, 

 f. 73. Roes., Its., t.i., phal. 1., t. 4. Wilk., Pap., ii., t. 1., B. 7. Raj, 

 Ins., 145, 11. 2. Alb., lis., t. 9, f. 13. Frisch, Ins., 12, t. 1. De 

 Geer, Ins., 1., t. 9, f. 8, 9. Habitat in Epilobio, Impatiente, Vite 

 (Linne, Sys. Nat., xth ed., p. 491). [Linne alters this to "Sphinx, 

 alis integris virescentibus : fasciis purpureis variis ; posticis rubris 

 basi atris .... Differt a sequenti (porcellus) simillime ; 

 magnitudine dupla. Thorace a tergo lineis 4 longitudinalibus arcuatis 

 rubris ; abdominis tergo linea rubra longitudinali. Alis in medio 

 puncto albo ; primoribus margine interiore albis " (Sys. A T at., xiith 

 ed., p. 801.)] 



Imago. — 58mm. — 74mm. Head ochreous-green with red lines 

 from base of antennae to front ; thorax ochreous-green, rosy-red 

 medially, with a longitudinal red line on either side and a white 

 line at base of wings ; abdomen ochreous-green, with red median 

 longitudinal line, red laterally, a black patch on either side near 

 base of hindwings. Anterior wings ochreous-green, with a fine 

 rosy-red costal line; a glossy rosy-pink outer margin, commencing 

 at apex and ending at anal angle ; a glossy rosy-pink oblique line 

 from costa near apex to inner margin (about one -third from 

 anal angle), edged internally with purplish-red ; an oblique line of 



