EUMORPHA ELPENOR. 71 



horn is dark purple-red, almost black, in colour, long (about one- 

 third of length of larva), roughened, thickly covered with short 

 spicules (a rather well-developed horn for a newly-emerged larva) • 

 no trace of shagreen-hairs or spicular skin-points except on the horn 

 (July 3rd, 1896). About to undergo ist moult, length about 8mm.; 

 colour pale shining green ; the subdorsal lines, shagreen dots, and 

 a very faint and narrow lateral line are visible through the old 

 skin (July 9th, 1896). Second instar: Head bright green; rounded, 

 but inclined to be tall, and somewhat square at top ; division of 

 lobes distinct ; small compared with size of body ; a few scattered 

 hairs as in ist instar. Body bright green, but with a whitish 

 tinge caused by the shagreen tubercles, each bearing one short 

 hair, which put in an appearance at this stage ; the prothorax 

 and mesothorax small, the metathorax and ist abdominal segment 

 large, the incision between the latter very slightly marked; other 

 incisions distinct (with exception of that between 7 — 8), owing to 

 overlapping of skin ; a dark mediodorsal line present, appears 

 not to be a skin-marking, but the dorsal vessel; faint green spiracular, 

 and stronger whitish, subdorsal lines present; the subdorsals start 

 on either side of head, run back to the 8th abdominal, and 

 then slope upwards to base of caudal horn ; each thickens into a 

 small lunule on the ist and 2nd abdominal segments, more 

 strongly on the ist ; this is the first sign of the development of 

 the marked ocellated spot of the mature larva. The caudal horn 

 is stiff, shiny, straight, rather longer than the thickness of larva, 

 reddish at base, black above; less rough than in ist instar; the 

 raised points being less like prickles and each bears one com- 

 paratively long hair ; the apex is forked, each branch bearing a 

 rather long hair (the setae of tubercles i) ; each shagreen tubercle 

 bears a very short hair which appears to be knobbed (not forked); 

 there appear to be 8 subsegments to each of the segments (July 

 19th, 1896 ; but from a different larva from that of which ist 

 instar description was made). Third instar: Length 19mm.- 

 25mm. ; head very small for size of larva, surface dull, colour clear 

 green, shape as in 2nd instar ; body bright green ; prothorax very 

 little larger than head, mesothorax rather larger, metathorax large, 

 though not so large as the ist and 2nd abdominal segments 

 which are rather larger than the remaining abdominal segments. 

 The head, prothorax and mesothorax, retractile ; they were slightly 

 so in 2nd instar. The subdorsal lines faint on metathorax and 

 ist and 2nd abdominal segments ; the anticipatory lunuiar markings 

 of preceding instar rather higher, much stronger, of a bright cream- 

 colour, bordered beneath with black (the black border is absent in 

 one larva in this instar), the subdorsal band more distinctly marked 

 on remaining abdominal segments than in previous instar, being 

 bordered above hy clear green, due to the whitish colour which 

 spreads from the base of the shagreen-hairs, being less strong 

 here than on the rest of the body. The lateral spiracular line 

 has disappeared, but the oblique stripes are faintly marked, and 

 are broad dashes like those of the larva of Sphinx ligustri, the ist 

 and 2nd and the lower part of the 7th are very faint, the upper part 

 of the 7th joins the subdorsal line and is very strong; they seem to 

 be formed as in the Amorphid larvae by the massing of the shagreen 



