EUMORPHA ELPENOR. 73 



in 1749, noting that the larvae were taken on June 26th, were full- 

 fed on July 7th, the imagines emerging on April 15th of the following 

 year. Harris, in the Aurelian, notes the green and brown larvae 

 as belonging to different sexes, the green being ? , the brown $ . 

 Hellins says that, in colour, there are two main varieties: (1) This 

 form has the ground-colour a sort of mouse-brown, buff at the 

 folds, covered with a network of blackish freckles, except on the 

 thoracic segments. These have a subdorsal line of dusky buff 

 enclosed in a blackish border which, on the metathorax, swells out 

 into a blacker blotch. The 1st and 2nd abdominal segments have 

 each, at the subdorsal level, a large blackish blotch enclosing in 

 its upper half a lilac, kidney-shaped spot, the centre of which is 

 olive in colour, and, at the commencement of each segment at 

 the subdorsal level, the black freckles are more distinct and deep 

 in tint. The head and horn are dull black, and there is, on the 

 8th abdominal, a black V with its tip at the caudal horn. The 

 spiracles are dusky buff, ringed with black. The belly is huffish, 

 freckled with a smaller pattern than that on the back, the legs 

 dusky. (2) The second form has the ground-colour dull green, 

 paler at the folds, with traces of black-brown network of freckles, 

 most distinct as a subdorsal patch on the front of each segment; 

 there is also a dorsal line of freckles. The subdorsal line on 

 the thoracic segments and the blotches on the 1st and 2nd 

 abdominal segments as in the other variety. The spiracles pale 

 brownish, with dark rings ; the ventral area dusky-green ; the 

 caudal horn and the V-mark on the 8th abdominal segment black. 

 Bacot observes that of six larvae that hatched from Norfolk ova, all 

 were green until the 3rd moult, and that one then obtained the dusky 

 coloration that is usual with adult larvae ; in this larva the usual 

 markings were present, but they were dark grey-brown, lighter than 

 the general ground-colour ; the black spots on each segment, just 

 above the subdorsal lines, present, and, with these exceptions, 

 all the other markings clearer and more distinct than in the 

 green form. The remaining five larvae were green in the 4th 

 instar, one being entirely green, three with black spots above the 

 subdorsal band and below the stripes ; the remaining one was 

 without spots. In the black form the spiracles were white ; 

 in the green form black. Chaumette writes (Zool., ix., p. 

 3100) that the ground-colour varies from a fine apple-green to 

 dark brown, variously variegated with small dusky lines ; the 

 dark individuals having much resemblance to the colour of the 

 Spanish radish. The sides of the 4th and 5th segments are each 

 ornamented with a iarge eye-like spot of a shining black colour 

 (ocellus), on the upper half of which is a large reniform spot of a 

 light greyish-olive colour, lighter towards the sides ; also two dark 

 oblong patches on either side of the 3rd segment, from which pro- 

 ceed two dusky longitudinal lines towards the head ; there are also 

 faint traces of a dusky dorsal line ; there is generally an interrupted 

 longitudinal line on either side in a line with the ocelli ; sometimes 

 there are traces ot a dusky interrupted lateral line, and, often, 

 especially in the darker individuals, there is a series of pale 

 oblique stripes. In the dark specimens, the anterior segments 

 are of a much lighter colour than in the others ; the caudal 



