78 



BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



MEASUREMENTS AT 



DISTANCE 



FROM 

 ANTERIOR 

 EXTREMITY. 



TRANSVERSE 

 DIAMETER AT 



ANTERO- 

 POSTERIOR 

 DIAMETER AT 



Eye-spines . . . . . . . . ; . 



Posterior border 1st thoracic segment 



Widest part of mesotborax. . 



End of ist leg and antenna (ist abdominal) 



End of 2nd leg (3rd abdominal) 



Widest part (4th abdominal) 



End of 4th abdominal 



Across spines (5th abdominal) 



Across spines (6th abdominal) 



Across spines (7th abdominal) 



Middle 8th abdominal 



Base terminal spine 



End of spine=Total length 



i-omm. 



40 „ 



7'0 ,, 



12-0 ,, 



i6-o ,, 



19-5 „ 



22-0 „ 



25-0 „ 



28-0 „ 



31-5 „ 



34'° >i 



37-o „ 



39-5 „ 



5 -3mm. 



8-o „ 



9'3 » 



100 „ 



io-6 „ • 



II-2 „ 



II-O „ 



"'4 » 



II-O „ 



9"0 » 



7'0 „ 



3"/ ' » 



5*omm. 



8-3 n 



8-8 „ 



io-o „ 



io-6 „ 



II-O ,, 



II-O ,, 



II-O „ 



10-3 „ 



8-8 ,. 



6-6 ,; 



i'3 » 



At the extreme front is a rough prominence, nearly as a transverse 

 ridge 2mm., transversely by '6mm., so rough that it is not easy to say 

 whether it is labrum and mandibles, or belongs to the clypeus 

 and epicranium, it has a central portion and a more pronounced 

 point at each end. Further out and immediately in front of the 

 eyes is a square prominence, ending in a rounded tubercle with 

 one or two subsidiary ones (called eye-spines above) ; besides 

 the maxillary keel, the ist tibiae present a prominent fulness in front. 

 The antennae and ist legs terminate at about same level, the 2nd legs are 

 separated from head by the 1 st ones touching about imm. of the antennae. 

 Wings and maxillae terminate together at margin of 4th segment (ab- 

 dominal). The 5th, 6th and 7th abdominal segments possess each 

 a circle of spines, which is nearly complete on 7th, but wanting 

 over ventral 4th of segment on 5th and 6th. They are not referable 

 to any subsegment (i.e., not obviously), they are quite to the front 

 of the segment dorsally, are less so laterally when they lie behind 

 the spiracles and then again pass a little more forwards. In the 

 movements of the pupa, they just touch the margin of the seg- 

 ment in front, in extreme flexion of the pupa in any direction. 

 Dorsally, they are smallest, but most numerous in several irregular 

 rows, they are largest half-way from this to spiracles, whence 

 there is no more than one row, but so irregularly placed as to 

 quite admit of being described as isolated spines belonging to 

 two or more rows. They are black, conical, sharp-pointed, with 

 a curve backwards. They stand on the anterior slope of a ridge 

 most marked where they are largest. The largest are perhaps 

 •2mm. in length, by •15mm. wide at base. These spines, with the 

 head tubercles, suggest a habit of leaving the puparium for 

 emergence. The anterior spiracle is very obvious but has no lips 

 or flanges of special structure, the others are narrow oval areas, 

 with a central slit, which has raised margins and is a little wider 

 at either end, the areas are surrounded by the ordinary wrinkling 

 which takes, however, the form of line concentric rings round 

 them. When mounted as a transparent object, however, the 

 anterior spiracle is seen to have a thickened anterior lip with 

 many line hairs, the posterior to be a flattened plate, closely 



