EUMORPHA ELPENOR. 83 



1892 (Porritt), at sugar at Gravesend (Button), in Wicken Fen 

 (Musham), in the Wye Valley (Vaughan), at York (Wilson), at 

 Llanrwst (Pearson), at Ranworth (Harmer), hovering at the 

 sugar in south Devon (Prideaux), a fine $ at sugar, July 1st, 

 1897, at Benfleet, quite settled on it and not flying round (James), 

 June 24th, 1899, and July 1st, 1900, at Bude, at sugared Iris, 

 and on June 12th, 1900, at Wicken, at a sugared treetrunk (Kaye), 

 Hervey notes 4 specimens at sugar at Glastonbury, June 22nd, 

 1875, three hovering at one tree, and taken by one sweep ot 

 the net ; they arrived comparatively early in the evening, before the 

 lamp was lighted to examine the sugar. Burrows observed one 

 hovering at sugar, June 19th, 1896, at Rainham ; the light was 

 kept steadily on the insect, whilst a larger box was fetched ; it took 

 no notice of the light, but went on drinking. Trimoulet also 

 records the insect at sugar in the Gironde dept. The imagines 

 are also attracted to light — at the electric lights at Bern (Hiltbold), 

 at Portschach (Wagner), most abundant on July 3rd-4th, 1898, 

 from 9.15 p.m. — 10.20 p.m., at Aigle, at the electric lights (Lowe), 

 also at electric light at Eastbourne (Dewey), at Ipswich (Morley), 

 at Chester (Dobie), at light at Taunton (Farrant), at Paul (Daws), 

 at Erith (Fenn), at Winchester (Shepheard-Walwyn), &c. Smith 

 notes a 2 captured by a friend at Exeter, carried to Burton 

 alive in a box in pocket, and states that, while waiting near Chelten- 

 ham, a $ settled on him (Ent., xxix., p. 124). Time of day and 

 other details are altogether wanting. 



Habitat. — The imagines visit gardens, roadsides, woodsides, 

 &c, attracted no doubt by the flowers, and their larvae are 

 occasionally found in such localities, but fens, ditchsides, river- 

 banks, streamsides, pondsides, and similar localities are their 

 favourite haunts. The . larvae are sometimes abundant on all the 

 ditchsides between Sandwich and Deal (Tutt), ditchsides at Folke- 

 stone (Byrne), on the banks of a pond at Oxton (Studd), along the 

 banks of the Stour near Ashford and Wye (Theobald), on the 

 banks of ditches and by the riverside near Sudbury (Ransom), 

 along the banks of streams and ditches at Maidstone (Gandy), 

 abundant in the water-meadows at Newbury (Hopson). Thornewill 

 records finding a larva in a garden at Burton on apple ; Perkins 

 finds the species sometimes common in gardens at Wotton-under- 

 Edge, and Calberla states that the larvae are abundant in the 

 vineyards of the Roman Campagna. 



Times of appearance. — In the British Islands the species is 

 single-brooded, occurring generally in late May and June (extending in 

 late seasons into July), whilst the appearance of autumnal examples 

 is very occasional. We have only noted the following records, viz., 

 reared a second brood through August, 1859, at Lancaster (Taylor). 

 Several larvae obtained in July at Oxford, pupated in due course, 

 two pupae producing imagines on August 5th, 1868 (Matthews), Sep- 

 tember 12th, 1878, an imago at Taunton (Parish), August 13th, 

 1879, at light, at Erith (Fenn), a second -brood 2 example 

 emerged September 15th, 1900, at Sudbury, from a pupa that was 

 in the pupal stage a very short time and which was of a very pale 

 colour (Ransom). On the continent complete or partial double-broods 

 are common. Thus we find — end of May and commencement of 



