THERETRA. 89 



common (Calberla), Lombardy, Pie Imoat, Liguria, Tuscany, near Florence, 

 Sardinia, Corsica {teste Bartel). Netherlands: all provinces, not rare (Snellen^, 

 Breda, very common (Heylaerts). Portugal (teste Bartel). Roumania : 

 Grumazesti, ComaDesti, Slanic, Bucharest, Valeni, very common (Caradja). 

 Russia : Baltic provinces, throughout and not rare, Livonia — Dorpat, &c. 

 (Nolcken), Moscow govt. (Albrecht), Crimea (Melioransky), Volga district 

 (Eversmann), Ti*anscaucasia — Borjom, Lagodekhi, rare (Romanoft), St. Peters- 

 burg (Erschoff), Gorki, Poland — Kamenez-Podolskii, Poltawa — Lubny, Jekater- 

 inoslaw, Charkow, southern shores of the Crimea — Alupka, Lower Volga 

 district, govts. Orenburg, Saratov, Sarepta (teste Bartel). Scandinavia : 

 not rare, northern limit Helsingland (Aurivillius), Lapland, rare (Lampa), not 

 uncommon in southeast Norway (Siebke). Spain: Malaga (Rambur), Galicia — 

 Santiago (Macho- Velado), Barcelona (Cuni y Martorell), Catalonia (Martorell y 

 Pena), Bilbao, rare (Seebold). Switzerland : almost everywhere, sometimes 

 rare, sometimes common— Canton St. Gallen, to the hill region, common (Taschler), 

 Grisons (Killias), Mettmenstatten (Dietrich), Basle, not rare, Bechburg (Riggen- 

 bach-Stehlin), Gadmeuthal, to 4300ft (Ratzer), Canton Glarus (Heer), Upper 

 Engadine, 5000ft. — 5500ft. (Pfaffenzeller), Bern, not common (Hiltbold), near 

 Lenzburg, Canton Lucerne — Seethal, near Wildegg, Fluelen, Weggis, near Vevey, 

 the Valais (Wullschlegel), near Neuenstadt, general (Couleru), near Schupfen, not 

 rare (Rothenbach), near Bern (Meisner), near Zurich, rare (Frey). 



Genus : Theretra, Htibner. 



Synonymy. — Genus: Theretra, Hb., " Verz.," p. 135 (circ. 1822); Stphs., 



" Illus.," iv., app. p. 5 (1835); "List Br. An. Brit. Mus.," p. 29 (1850) ; Tutt, 



"Brit. Lep.," hi., p. 355 (1902). Sphinx, Linn., " Sys. Nat.," xth ed., pp. 492- 



493(1758); xiith ed., p. 801 (1767); "Faun. Suec," ii., p. 288 (1761) ; Mull., 



"Zool. Dan. Prod.," p. 116 (1776) ; Hfn., " Berl. Mag.," ii., p. 180 (1766) : Fab., 



" Svs. Ent.," p. 544 (1775); "Spec. Ins.," ii., p. 149 (1781) ; " Mant.," ii., 



p. 97 (1787); "Ent. Syst.," hi., pt. 1, p. 373 (1793) ; [Schiff.], " Schmett. Wien.," 



p. 43 (1775) '■> IW' S n - Ausg., P- J 8 (1801) ; Esp., " Schmett. Eur.," ii., p. 97, pi. x., 



hgs. 1-3(1779); Bergs., "Sphing. Larv.," p. 10 (1782); Retz., "Gen. et Spec. 



Ins.," p. 34(1783) ; GeofL, " Fourc. Ent. Paris.," ii., p. 255 (1785) ; Bork., "Sys. 



Besch.," ii., pp 64, 135, 178 (1789); Brahm, " Ins.-Kal.," ii., p. 313 (1791) ; 



[F.J.A.D]., " Rhein. Mag.," p. 314 (1793); Hb., " Eur. Schmett.," ii., fig. 60 



(1796); text, p. 95 (circ. 1805); "Larv. Lep.," ii., Sph. hi., Legit. B. b., figs. 



1 a-b (circ. 1800); Don., "Brit. Ins.," ix., p. 55, pi. 314 (1800) ; Schrk., 



"Faun. Boica," ii., I, p 228 (1801) ; Haw., "Lep. Brit.," I, p. 63 (1803) ; Latr., 



" tlist. Nat.," xiv., p. 131 (1805); Ochs., "Die Schmett., ii.. p. 2ij: (1808); Leach, 



"Edin. Encycl.," ix., p. 130 (1815) ; Dalm., "Vet. Ak. Handl.," xxxvii., p. 215 



(1816) ; Sam., "Ent. Comp.." p. 243 (1819) ; Godt., "Hist. Nat.," hi., p. 50, pi. xix., 



fig. 1 (1822) ; Bdv., " Eur. Lep. Ind. Meth.," p. 32 (1829) ; Meig., "Eur. Schmett.," 



"•5 P- : 35 (^30) ; Zett., "Ins. Lapp.," p. 916 (1840); Evers., " Faun. Volg.- 



UraL," p. 109(1844); H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," ii.. p. 85 (1846); Spever, " Geog. 



Verb.," i., p. 315 (1858); ii., p. '280 (1862) ; Hein., "Schmett. Deutsch.," i., 



p. 145 (1849) ; Bang-Haas, " Nat. Tids.," (3), ix., p, 401 (1874). Deil- 



ephila, [Lasp.,] "Jena. Allg. Lit. Zeit.," iv., p. 100 (1809) ; Ochs., 



" Die Schmett.," iv., pp. 42, 43 (1816) ; Stphs., " Illus. Haust.," i., p. 



131 (1828); " Cat. Br. Ins.," ii., p. 33 (1829); Wood, "Ind. Ent," fig. 19 (1839); 



Dup., "Icon. Chen.," pi. v., fig. 1 (cite. 1835) ; "Cat. Meth.," p. 42 



(1844); Bdv., "Icon. Chen.," pi. iv., figs. 3 — 4 (circ. 1840); "Gen. et Ind. 



Meth.," p. 46 (1840); Heyd., "Lep. Eur. Cat. Meth.," ed. 3, p. 19 (1851); 



Staud., "Cat.," ed. t, p." 16 (1861 ) ; 2nd ed., p. 37 (187 1) ; Snell., " De 



Vlind.," p. 94 (1867); Berce, " Fa\m. Franc.," ii., p. 24 (1868); Snell. v. Voll., 



"Tijd. v. Ent.," xiii., p. 146, pi. vi., fig. 1 (1870); Mill., "Icon.," pi. cxvi., fig. 7 



(1870) ; " Cat. Lep. Alp.-Mar.," p. 118 (1872) ; Curd, "Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," vii , 



p. 112 (1875); Frev > '' Lep. Schweiz," p. 58 (1880); Weism., " Stud. Theory 



Descent," transl. p. 184 (1882); Auriv., " Nord. Fjar.," p. 46 (1889); Meyr., 



"Handbook," &c, p. 295 (1895); Bart., " Pabeark. Gross-Schmett.," ii., p. 



123 (1900). Sphinx {-Spectrum), Latr., "Gen. Crust, et Ins.,"iv., p. 210 (1809). 



Elpenor, Oken, " Lehrb. Zool.," i., p. 761 (1815). Eumorpha, Hb., " Franck's 



Cat.," p. 87 (1825). Choerocampa, Dup., "Hist. Nat.," supp. ii., pp. 159—160 



(1835); Humph, and Westd., "Brit. Moths," i., p. 23 (1841); Dbldy., "List 



Brit. Lep.," p. 3 (1847); Sta., "Man.," i., p. qj (1857); Humph., "Gen. 



Br. Moths," p. 11, pi. hi., figs. 3-4 (i860); Wallgrn., " Skand. Het.," i., 



p. 46 (1863); Newm., "Brit. Moths," p. 10 (1869); Bdv., "Hist. Nat. 



