THERETRA PORCELLUS. 97 



1867, larvae at Deal (A. H. Jones), larvae near Whitby, end of 

 August, 1 86S. (Bold), August 9th, 1871, at Wanstead (Burrows), 

 70 larvae at Brighton in August, 187 1 (Edmunds), larvae plentiful 

 on August 6th, 1874, at Streatley, July 30th, 1881, at Pangbourne, 

 July 28th, 1889, in plenty at Southstoke, August 19th, 1890, at 

 Hardwick, August 7th, 1892, at Sulham (Holland), August 23rd, 

 1879, at Cleethorpes (Auld), August 31st, 1883, at Riddlesdown, 

 August 18th, 1890, at Freshwater (Sheldon), August, 1888, at 

 Dunham, near Manchester (Chappell), larvae nearly fullfed on August 

 3rd, 1888, August 19th, 1894, August nth, 1895, August 1 6th, 

 1896, all at Reading (Butler), larvae very abundant at Deal 

 September, 1888 (Nash), August 12th, 1889, August 8th, 1892, 

 August 3rd, 1893, at Barnes, August 8th, 1890, at Eastbourne 

 (Sich), larva at Swanage on August 5th, 1890 (Freeman), August 28th, 

 1892, at Panton, August, 1898, at Dover (Raynor), July, 1895, at 

 Malvern Wells (Rodgers), larvae three-quarters fed on June 21st, 1896, 

 at Castle Cosey (Thornhill), August 19th, 1896, at LufFness Links 

 (Evans), June, 1898, nineteen larvae taken about three-parts 

 grown, small larvae on August 12th, 1898, all at Chelmsford (Miller), 

 July 17th, 1899, at Benfleet (Whittle), fully grown larvae on downs 

 at Eastbourne on August 10th, 1899 (Carr), July 31st, 1900, at 

 Cherryhinton (Crisp), larvae fairly common from August uth-27th, 

 1900, on the cliffs at Folkestone (Pickett), larvae fullfed September 

 3rd, 1900, at Irvine (Dalglish), larvae July 23rd-August 6th, 1901, 

 in a meadow near Sudbury (Ransom), August 28th, 1901, at Hartley 

 Links (Rosie), larvae August 2oth-29th, 1902, near Burgess Hill 

 (Dollman), August 25th, 1902, quite small, at Perth (Bush). 



Larva. — First instar (newly-hatched) : About 3mm. long, 

 stout, sturdy-looking, very short in comparison with length ; 

 prolegs short (larva rests low on foodplant) ; the head large and 

 rounded ; body tapering slightly from head to anus ; the head 

 green in colour, the body duller whitish-green ; the skin-folds 

 at segmental incisions strongly marked ; the setae dark, very 

 short, forming little tubes with a drop of clear viscous fluid at 

 tip ; the spiracles large, slightly raised on abdominal segments 

 2 , 3> 4> 5 a nd 6, the prothoracic and 8th abdominal spiracles 

 very large and the 7 th one also much enlarged, nearly, if not 

 quite, as large as that on the 8th, whilst that on the 1st abdominal 

 is also enlarged, though not to the same extent as those on the 

 7th and 8th ; the caudal horn is only represented by a small 

 brown circular mound, bearing the two anterior trapezoidals (i) 

 at its summit; this is situated at about the middle of the 8th 

 abdominal segment on a slightly raised skin area (and is less 

 conspicuous * even than the caudal horn of Dimorpha versicolora). 

 [When two days old the larva examined showed a sharp, clear, 

 dark, mediodorsal line, and a rather broader, less sharp, white, 

 subdorsal line, running from the prothoracic scutellum to the base 

 of the caudal horn (neither of these characters noticeable at 



* This must clearly be looked upon as a case of degeneracy in what may 

 be termed an atavistic manner, since the tubercles and their width apart are 

 in great contrast with the usual aspect of the Sphingid horn, and in marked 

 contrast to the atrophy that is more or less in evidence in the adult larvae of 

 Sphinx ligustri and Eumorpha elpenor (Bacot). 



