98 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



hatching).] The abdominal segments have 6 * clearly marked 

 subdivisions, the first of which is equal to any three of the 

 others in size (and is structurally divisible into 3) and bears 

 tubercle i, ii being situate on subsegment 4 ; this 1st sub- 

 segment is almost certainly a coalescence of three original 

 subsegments as it is quite unusual to find tubercle i on the 1st 

 subsegment of larvae, when the subdivisions are so numerous, unless 

 it be much larger than those following. In this case there would be 

 8 subsegments to a segment, the normal number in Sphingids. The 

 prothorax bears a large, but not very clearly defined, scutellar plate, 

 and the 10th abdominal a distinct and well-defined anal plate. The 

 tubercles on the abdominal segments are — i and ii, in usual 

 trapezoidal position, placed well apart, and ii considerably farther 

 from median line than i ; iii close down to the spiracle on 

 the 1 st subsegment ; iv and v are well below spiracle, iv 

 almost directly beneath, but slightly posterior; on the 7th f and 

 8th abdominal segments this tubercle bears a simple pale-coloured 

 hair instead of a dark glandular bristle; v is below the level of 

 the spiracle, but placed far forward on the 1st subsegment, near 

 the anterior margin of the segment. On the mesothorax and 

 metathorax i and ii are still trapezoidal, but not so widely 

 separated as on the abdominals, iii is double and bears two setae ; 

 of the subspiracular tubercles v only is visible, beneath and anterior 

 to spiracle, almost on margin of segment (iv if present at all must 

 be very minute and certainly does not carry a glandular hair). 

 ? Second instar (July 17th, 1898) : Short, stout, heavy in 

 appearance ; about '3m. in length, head rounded with a slight 

 tendency to square (i.e., flattened at top and sides), rather larger 

 than thoracic segments ; the abdominal segments slightly larger, 

 the thoracic segments having slightly the appearance of a neck. 

 Head pale green in colour, surface dull ; numerous short scattered 

 hairs, black or very dark purple in colour ; division of head lobes 

 distinct. Body fairly evenly cylindrical, slightly humped on 8th 

 abdominal ; the caudal horn represented merely by a central tubercle 

 of conical shape ; the terminal abdominal segments slope off rapidly 

 from horn to anus ; colour pale green with a whitish tinge on dorsal 

 area ; tip of caudal horn (tubercle) dark purple or black ; a broad 

 white subdorsal band starts on either side of head and runs back 

 to the end of the 7th abdominal almost horizontally, it then slopes up to 

 base of caudal horn ; these bands are bordered above by a clear green 

 stripe and fade off gradually into the green ground colour beneath ; 

 a faint green mediodorsal line is also present ; the segmental incisions 

 distinct and sharp, but not deep ; scattered dark purple or black 

 shagreen hairs are fairly numerous but not nearly so thick as in 



* The Larvae at this stage had the first three segments of the abdominals 

 markedly joined as one (Bacot). 



t Jl may be observed that, in the larva of Hemaris titvus. tubercle iv, 

 on the 7th abdominal segment, cariies a pale, simple, unforked hair, whilst the 

 other hairs are dark m colour and highly forked. This possibly shows a tendency 

 to weakness in this particular hair on this segment, and it may very possibly be 

 of general occurrence throughout the superfamily, although more noticeable in 

 these species owing to the special development of their hairs. In larva- where the 



hairs aic all small and weak or unspecialised the tendency may be easily overlooked 

 (Bacot). 



