106 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



posterior edges of the 4th, 5th and 6th abdominal segments is 

 finely and regularly granulated, giving a comparatively smooth border 

 to segment (Bacot, October 23rd, 1898). The pupa is rather over 

 30mm. in length, cylindrical, the headpiece sloping from the 

 shoulders, and with rather prominent eyes and a projecting keel 

 for the tongue-case, the wing-cases short, figure stoutest about middle, 

 tapering either way, the rough anal spike triangular, flattened, and 

 hollowed somewhat, ending in a sharp point, the skin rather rough. 

 On the three abdominal segments next below the wings is a line of 

 small projecting points passing almost round the body ; the colour 

 dusky ochreous, much freckled with black, the wing-cases smoky 

 (in some examples the nervures are marked out in black), a blackish 

 dorsal line, and the abdominal segments well marked with black 

 rings (Hellins, November 5th, 1886). The pupal skin is rough 

 and wrinkled, except the black incisional areas between the movable 

 segments which are almost smooth, glossy, and have the appearance 

 of silk. Colour brownish, with a fine black mediodorsal line 

 and black shading running subdorsally down the thoracic and 

 1st abdominal segments ; the black is confined to a posterior 

 subsegmental ring on the 4th, 5th and 6th abdominal segments. 

 The head is prominent, the base of the maxillae enlarged, ridged 

 (upper part of maxillae have appearance of being coiled), the tip 

 extending just beyond the apices of the wings on the posterior edge 

 of the 4th abdominal segment, two ill-developed structures 

 (resembling nosehorns) project over glazed eye ; the antennae 

 commence at front edge of prothorax, run ventrally between 

 glazed eye and the distinct prothoracic spiracle ; the latter situated 

 on intersegmental line between pro- and mesothorax ; the antennae, 

 strongly segmented, extend about half-way along costa of forewing ; 

 two pairs of legs, pale-coloured, on each side of maxillae ; the wings 

 narrow, the inner margin somewhat hollowed. The prothorax 

 narrow, the mesothorax strongly developed, the metathorax narrow ; 

 the abdominal segments increasing in size from 1st to 4th (which 

 is very wide), the 5th and 6th also wide ; movable incisions between 

 4 - 5> 5-6, 6-7 ; on the 5th, 6th and 7th abdominal segments, a 

 prominent reddish ring, the edge thickly studded with short black 

 points; the ring, least developed on dorsum and venter, runs obliquely 

 back from front of each segment dorsally to behind the spiracles 

 laterally; the spiracles black, elongate, ear-shaped, that on 1st 

 abdominal segment partly hidden beneath wing, that on 8th 

 abdominal obsolete ; on the venter of abdominal segments 3-6 are 

 traces of position of prolegs ; the terminal segments tend,, to 

 obsolescence ; the body terminated by a pointed, corneous, cremastral 

 horn, turned downwards, and with a wide flattened base (Tutt). 



Comparison of pup^e of Theretra porcellus and Eumorpha 

 elpenor. — The pupae of T. porcellus are proportionally longer and 

 more slender than those of E. elpenor, that ot the former averaging 

 i*25ins. long and just over -32ms. in width, the latter i^ins. long 

 and just under '341ns. in width ; the keel-like maxillae rather more 

 prominent in 7\ porcellus than E. elpenor. The cremaster of the 

 former similar to that of the latter but rather larger in proportion (Bacot). 



Parasites. — Ichneumon fusorius, Wesm. (Harwood), Amblyteles 

 fuscipe/mis, Wesm. (Bignell), Trogus exaltaforius, Panz., Anomalon 



