108 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



at Atherstone (Baker), and at Horrabridge (Still), white campion at 

 Market Drayton (Freer), valerian and white pinks at Sulby 

 (Clarke), ragged robin at Legsby (Raynor), Echium vulgare at 

 St Margaret's Bay (Reid) \ at Saponaria officinalis on the banks 

 of the Lahn (Jager), common rocket and vetches, unusually 

 abundant in 1888, at Sligo (Russ), honeysuckle and verbenas at 

 Haynes Park (Lit., 1, 198), sweetwilliams at Whittlesford (Thurnall), 

 Centranthus at Bury St. Edmunds (Norgate), yellow iris at 

 Wallasey (Cooke), and on the Carnarvon coast (Johnson), 

 azaleas at Corsemalzie (Gordon), at red valerian at Rugeley 

 (Freer), at Mucking (Burrows), and at Lynmouth (Briggs), at 

 honeysuckle at Church Stretton (Newnham), at St. Ives (Norris), 

 at Howth (Birchall), at Stonehouse, very abundant in 1896 

 (Nash), at Castle Cosey, abundant in 1896 (Thornhill), at 

 Ladylaw (Guthrie), at Worcester (Rea), at Chiswick (Sich), and at 

 Mansfield (Daws), at rhododendrons at Church Stretton (Newnham), 

 at Hayes (Fuller), at Wishanger (Bingham-Newland), &c. Many 

 other records at rhododendron, honeysuckle and valerian show these 

 to be the favourite flowers for attracting the species in this country. 



Habitat. — Appears to be generally distributed on coast sand- 

 hills, on chalkhills, cliffs, downs, in meadows, and occasionally by 

 ditchsides, &c, but appears to prefer dry situations, the imagines also 

 abundant near woods, in gardens, &c. Jager notes it as abounding on the 

 banks of the Lahn, Moss observes it as being common on the borders 

 of the large flat tracts of moss land in Westmorland where it is 

 always associated with Galium mollugo growing in thick patches 

 among the grass especially at the sides of dykes, but such localities 

 are apparently not often chosen. It abounds on the coast sandhills 

 of Sligo, Montrose, Aberdeen, Durham, Wallasey, &c, on the shingle 

 quite close to the sea at Deal and Kingsdown, on the seabanks 

 on both sides of the Tyne, on the chalk downs at Wye, Cuxton, 

 &c, in pasture meadows at Freshwater, on the chalk cliffs at Dover, 

 Folkestone, &c, on the steep grassy slopes above Blair Logie, &c. 

 Such a variety of situations naturally betokens a very wide distribu- 

 tion, and this the species undoubtedly has in our Islands. Abroad 

 its habitats are even more varied. It occurs in the Pyrenees to 

 a height of 6000ft., and in the barren steppe districts of Orenburg 

 and Sarepta. 



Time of appearance. — There is no evidence that this species 

 is even partially double-brooded in this country although it is 

 frequently so in various parts of southern Europe. In central 

 Europe, however, it is single-brooded as in the British Islands. 

 It is also very uncertain in appearance, in some years, e.g., 1S68, 

 1879, 1888, 1895, 1896, it is abundant, in others quite rare. It 

 also appeared in great numbers in 1875 and 1886 in certain 

 parts of Germany. Its times of appearance have been noted 

 as follows : May, in Istria, in the dept Doubs, one as early 

 as April 22nd, 1842, near St Vit ; middle of May, near Rome, at 

 Nantes, and at Brussa ; May and June at Eutin, Brunswick, Halle-a- 

 S., Saxon Upper Lusatia, Augsburg, Epiries, Rosenau, in the Inn 

 Valleys, in the lowlands of Switzerland, in the Ural district, Transcau- 

 casia, and the Netherlands ; in June at Bremen, Crefeld, Cassel and 

 Wiesbaden j in June and July in Roumania ; commencement of 



