HIPPOTION CELERIO. 121 



the cat-like appearance of the head, when at rest, being very 

 formidable ; this larva spun up on October 4th, but did not pupate 

 until November 4th, and died without producing an imago (Edgell). 

 A very delicate-looking green larva, found not rarely on the Taro, the 

 Nono, and especially on the Ape in Tahiti, produced imagines of this 

 species (Walker). In the British Isles, larvae are usually only found 

 in the autumnal months, October and November, evidently the 

 progeny of immigrants of August- September, and this seems 

 to be the only brood normally found in southern Europe. 

 Larvae were very abundant in France in September, 1846 

 (imagines had appeared in August). Four larvae were found on 

 vine, October, 1865, at Newmarket (Postans), one of these 

 was sent to, and figured by, Buckler on November 8th, 1865 

 (Larvae, &c, pi. xxv., fig. 2), fullfed larva October 7th, 1865, at Epping 

 (Doubleday), larva at Dublin, November, 1877, on vine (Kirby), 

 larva nearly fullfed on October 4th, 1878, in a garden at Brighton 

 (Brazenor), on September 23rd, 1885, at Firle (Edgell), and in 

 October, 1885, at Tenbury (Decie), larvae are also recorded from 

 near Wisbech (Skrimshire teste Haworth), Ely (Jenyns teste Stephens), 

 Norwich (teste Stephens), Southsea (Moncreaff teste Pearce). In 

 subtropical countries the larvae are to be obtained in May-June, 

 August and October-November, and the insect is double-, triple-, or 

 even continuously-brooded according to climatic conditions. A single 

 larva was taken on September 9th, 1 896, at Sofia (Bachmetjew). Swinton 

 obtained larvae at Jerusalem in May and June, 1896 ; in Queensland 

 (winter) (Dodd), the larvae again from September-November (spring) 

 the larva occurs in May-June (autumn), the moths in July-August 

 feeding up before the end of the month (Ash). At Beyrout, Lederer 

 records that the larvae are to be found in May and August. 



Lakva * — After the second moult the larva has the nth segment 

 surmounted by a very long horn. The larva itself is relatively 

 short, cylindrical, of a pale green, washed with yellow below, the 

 true legs and prolegs well developed. The caudal horn is lowered 

 and raised at the approach of danger, forming, to all appearance, 

 a means of defence for the young larva ; it is falcate, thick at base, 

 very pointed at the tip, and of. an uniform clear maroon colour 

 throughout its length (Milliere, Nat. Sic, vi., p. 4, pi. i., figs. 8- 

 9). Sepp figures and describes (Ned. Ins., viii., pi. 1., figs. 2, 3, 4, no. 

 50), the larva as follows: Received on September nth a very young 

 larva found on vine, very similar to that of E. elpenor (which I had 

 already reared from the egg) and a close examination led me to doubt 

 whether I had not made a mistake in the species ; it moulted 

 before I had figured it. Second instar (?): 18mm. long, of a lively 

 bright green in colour, the first five segments yellowish, the head 

 of a light purple ; on either side of the 4th and 5th segments are 

 two dark marks; the very long horn on the nth segment dirty 



* Swinton notes the young larva as "black and honied, developing later its 

 peacock eyes." The following note by Meade- Waldo [Ent., xxxv., p. 196) 

 appears to be an off-hand impression rather than the result of special observation : 

 " The larva when first hatched is light green in colour, with a long pink horn ; 

 when about a week old it has purple eye-like marks on the enlarged segments 

 behind the head." We very much doubt the development of the eye-spots so 

 early. See Sepp's description [supra), from which one gathers that they do 

 not appear until the 3rd instar. 



