124 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



portrayed (Ash). Snellen notes that he once found the larva at 

 Rotterdam on vine, at the end of September, and adds that Rosel's 

 figure is altogether excellent; the horn is not pointed but thin and 

 blunt. 



Cocoon. — Bartel observes (Pal. Gross-Schmett., ii., p. 105) 

 that the larva changes from 3cm. — 4cm. below the ground 

 into a red-brown or brown-grey pupa. Doubleday notes (Ent., 

 ii., p. 327) that a larva he had spun a few lumps of earth 

 together in a corner of the breeding-cage. Postans observed 

 (E.M.M., ii., p. 162) that the larvae in his possession pupated under 

 leaves on the surface of the ground. Edgell records that the larva 

 exudes a brown fluid from the mouth when making its puparium. 

 Oberthiir notes that for pupation the larva spins together with silk 

 several leaves on the surface of the ground. Dodd states that the 

 larvae spin a silken web, and that, at Townsville, in Queensland, 

 in June and July (the Australian winter), the pupal stage lasts only 

 about three weeks. In Syria, Lederer says that the pupal stage 

 lasts only 14 days. 



Pupa. — The colour (like that of the pupae of most Chcerocampids) 

 is a pale terra-cotta, and very closely resembles that of Daphnis nerii 

 (probably owing to the general tone of colour and marking) ; the 

 black spiracular marks are proportionally smaller, but the dis- 

 seminated black markings are more pronounced, especially ventrally 

 and on the wing-cases, where they are wanting in the pupa of D. 

 nerii. The ground-colour is very much paler than in the pupa of 

 Hyles euphorbiae, but the dark markings bring them a little nearer 

 in general tone. The general form is much that of H. euphorbiae 

 or Celerio gallii ; each individual segment is, however, of more 

 uniform cylindrical or conical form, less rounded and bulging. This 

 somewhat obscures the incisions and gives a rather smoother 

 tapering outline. In the $ pupa the tapering is hardly marked 

 at the 6th abdominal segment, in the $ pupa it begins with the 

 4th. As compared with the pupa of H. euphorbiae, there is a 

 stronger point of difference in the labrum being not anterior but 

 almost dorsal, the very pronounced keel of the proboscis arching 

 right forwards and over the anterior extremity of the pupa. [In 

 this respect it agrees with the pupa of Isoples alecto ; in that of D. nerii 

 the labrum is not quite so dorsal.] The front of the pupa thus 

 comes to consist of the keel of the maxilla-cases, with a median 

 impressed line or suture, and sides rugose at the carina, but smooth 

 beyond it. The length is about 44mm., i.e., 5mm. from front to base 

 of 1st leg, 24mm. to end of maxilla, and 15mm. to end of anal spine; 

 width Qmm.-umm. The $ , rather tapering in the abdominal seg- 

 ments from the 4th, looks much more slender than the $ , which tapers 

 from the 6th, at least in most typical specimens. The projection of the 

 maxillary keel ventrally is marked as well as anteriorly. The antenna? 

 and first legs reach to 18mm. from the front; the second legs 

 3mm. further; maxilla} to end of the wings; about 12mm. from 

 the front to the small piece of 1st femur (that is usually present in 

 Sphingid, but not Amorphid, pupa?). A condition that "exists in 

 the pupa of H. euphorbiae, and is very easily seen in that of J), nerii, 

 is, in this species and /. alcclo, so marked as to force itself on one's 

 attention, i.e., the greater length of the 4th abdominal segment 



