136 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



Lombardy, Piedmont, Liguria, Naples very rare [teste Bartel). Netherlands : 

 repeatedly taken, especially common in 1846 (Medenbach de Rooy), Groningen — 

 Friesland, Zeeland — Amsterdam, Rotterdam, several, Gelderland — Zwolle (Snellen), 

 Breda, not rare (Heylaertsh Portugal (Speyer). Roumania : Bucharest (Caradja). 

 Russia: Transcaucasia — Borjom, one July, 1873 (Romanoff). Spain: Andalusia 

 — common (Rambur), Teruel — Ateca (Zapaterj, Santiago (Macho-Velado), 

 Barcelona -En Gracia, San Gervasio, Calella (Cuni y Martorell), Catalonia (Martorell 

 y Pena), Bilbao (Seebold), Granada (Graslin), Gibraltar (Walker), Malaga 

 (coll. Oberthur). Switzerland : Grisons, very rare — Vicosoprano (Zeller), 

 Berne (Meisner), Yverdon, at 1345ft. (Brown), Basle, Lausanne (Riggenbach), 

 Freiburg, Aargau — Aarau (Boll), Oftringen ( Wullschlegel)* Zurich, Wadensweil, 

 at 1345ft. (Dietrich), Winterthur (Huguenin), Neftenbach, at 1277ft. (Kiibler). 

 near Schiippen (Rothenbach), Sargans, at 1496ft. St. Gallen, Canton Tessin [teste 

 Bartel). Turkey : Eastern Roumelia — Slivua, rare [teste Bartel). 



Tribe : Phryxidi. 

 The Phryxid tribe is a most interesting one, and, al- 

 though apparently we have now no sedentary species in Britain 

 belonging to it, the peculiar conditions under which, at ir- 

 regular periods, some of the species occur, almost certainly, 

 as immigrants, or the direct progeny of immigrants, make their 

 natural history of quite unusual interest. The tribe is diagnosed 

 (Ilh/s., i., p. 1 24) by Stephens as : 



Anterior wings not subfalcate, hinder margin rounded towards the apex ; 

 abdomen transversely banded ; antennae distinctly clavate. Larva maculated ; 

 anterior segments not retractile ; caudal horn rugose. Pupa superficially buried. 



Fernald, apparently basing his description on the two American 

 species, Phryxus lineata and Celerio intermedia (chamaenerii), gives 

 (Sphing. of New England, pp. 144) the following diagnosis of the 

 Phryxid imaginal characters : 



Head of moderate size, not sunken into the thorax, smoothly scaled ; proboscis 

 as long, or nearly as long, as the body ; palpi ascending close to the front, the 

 clothing giving the end a swollen appearance ; antennae gradually and uniformly 

 enlarging outwardly to near the end, when they are constricted suddenly into 

 a minute bristly hook ; eyes moderate in size and lashed ; thorax stout, untufted, 

 and produced considerably in front of the forewings ; abdomen smooth, cylindrical, 

 tapering rather suddenly at the terminal segments without anal or side tufts, the 

 hinder edge of the segments armed with spinules ; tibia? not spinose, middle 

 tibia; with one pair of long unequal spurs, hind tibiae vuth two pairs; fore 

 tarsi with a row of stout curved spines along the outside. The forewings have 

 II veins (sometimes 12), with the outer margins rounded and entire. The outer 

 margin oi the hindwings is entire, except at the end of vein lb, where it is some- 

 what produced. 



So far as the genera belonging to this tribe are concerned we 

 find, as a rule, in each genus, a central species of wide distribution, 

 around which, or from which, a few highly-specialised local sedentary 

 species appear to have sprung. We thus have Hvles or " the 

 euphorbiae-gxowp," Celerio or " the gallii- group," &c. So far as the 

 material in the British Museum and his own collection goes, Kaye 

 has been able (in lilt. J to formulate the following groupings in the 

 tribe, based entirely on imaginal characters : 



1. Head large, prominent, projecting ; forewings long, pointed, with an 

 oblique streak running from apex to close to base ; nervures clearly marked 

 by light scales ; abdomen very tapering ; front tibiae with very strong spines 

 and some weaker ones — Phryxus (livomica, lineata). 



2. Head not prominent, nor markedly projecting ; forewings not so long 

 as in 1, and less pointed ; forewings with oblique band from apex to near 

 base giving off two or more short teeth or branches ; spines on front tibia nearly 

 all of uniform medium size — Celerio [gallii, chamaencrii, euphorbiarum, 

 zygophylli, ? opheltes). 



