148 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



Schmett.," i., pp. 320, 461 (1858); ii., p. 280 (1862); Hein., " Schmett. 

 Deutsch.," i., p. 146 (1859); Ramb., "Cat. Lep. And.," p. 131 (1866); Cum 

 y Mart., "Cat. Lep. Bare," p. 39 (1874); Praun, "Erg.," pi. i., fig. 19 (1874) ; 

 Frey, "Lep. Schweiz," p. 57 (1880); Meyr., "Handbook," &c, p. 296 (1895). 

 Lineata var. livornica, Staud., "Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 103 (1901). 



Original description *. — Der sieben und dreisigste europaische 

 Abendschmetterling. Sphinx alis integ. ano simpl. livornica. Der 

 Celerio von Livorno. — Alis superioribus, griseis, vitta pallida venis 

 albis ; inferioribus rubris nigro fasciatis, segmentis abdominis fusco 

 alboque tesselatis. Er ist Tab. viii., fig. 4, abgebildet, " und pag. 

 87 und 88 beschrieben (Esper Enrop. Schmette rlinge, &c., ii., p. 

 196). The description here referred to reads as follows: "On pi. 

 viii., fig. 4, Sphinx livornica, a separate species is added for 

 comparison (with S. celerio). In the Systema, we are referred to a 

 figure of Petiver's (Petiver, Gaz., Tab. xii., fig. 9, oper. Tom. ii., p. 3): 

 l Accipitrina livornica, perpelle striata. From Lisbon, caught flying about 

 a candle in October, 1698. Its eyes, whilst alive, are like rubies. It 

 frequents the jasmin flowers.' The description, which we quote, is too 

 defective to judge from. Nothing further is said than that it had 

 been previously found at Leghorn. The figure which Petiver gives 

 differs considerably from Rosel's. It has not the same wing-contour, 

 it is smaller, the body broader, adorned with series of white spots. 

 Neither the curved lines nor the black spots are shoWn in Rosel's fig. 

 These were differences enough to excite doubts. Much more nearly in 

 agreement with this figure, I found the moth which is figured, from 

 an original example, at fig. 4 of the present plate. On comparison 

 with this, Petiver's Papilio will be less of a puzzle. We see in 

 both the same traits of contour and markings. The original of this 

 4th figure on our plate is likewise from Italy. This species has 

 never yet been found in Germany. One of my friends, Herr Pastor 

 Lips, of Petersaurach, obtained it by exchange from an entomologist of 

 Verona. It it peculiar to the warmer parts of Italy, and may thus 

 also, to judge from the similiarity of climate, really occur in Portugal 

 as Petiver says. In the accompanying plate it is, on certain grounds, 

 only noted as a variety of celerio, as which it is possible to regard 

 it, but the difference is too considerable to give one grounds 

 for asserting this. I think I shall lighten my readers' labours if I 

 present it for comparison with Rosel's celerio, and at the same 

 time point out its similarity to Petiver's figure. It does not admit 

 of being dealt with as a variety, but deserves a separate name. 

 I retain the first, the oldest name, which Petiver gave it, Sphinx 

 livornica. I only regret that I am not able to add anything further 

 of its natural history. I have already said all that I can about it. 

 Its difference from Rosel's celerio is considerable. The nervures 

 running through the wings are here not black, but white. The 

 whitish-coloured streak which runs through the wings longitudinally 

 is in this, as in that, species, divided by a central black line. It 

 is unicolorous, not so strongly curved, but straighter, broader and 

 more direct than in that species. The hindwings are only pale 



* Figured by Esper in 1779 (Schmett. Eur., pi. viii., lig. 4) as a var. of 

 H. celerio. Described in 1780 {Ice. c/'t., p 87) by which time Esper had come to the 

 conclusion that it was a distinct species and named it livornica. About 1800 

 (loc. cit., cont., pi. xl., figs. 3-7) he figured it again, in its early stages, after the 

 figures in Fuessly's Archiv, 



