15*2 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



spots seemed to have made their appearance by this time and were red 

 in colour (E.M.M., vii., p. 102). Fuessly figures (Archiv, i., pi. iv., 

 figs. 1-4) a larva, pupa and imago of P. livomica — the imago from 

 a moth taken by Kcechlin at Mulhouse (in 1773 or 4?) and the 

 larva from one taken at the same place by Spcerlin, who sent 

 a figure by Kcechlin to Fuessly on July 19th, 1780. This larva 

 fed on Galium ; the figure is one of the ordinary form so often figured 

 of the larva of P. Iwornica, with a pink dorsal line, and rows of pink 

 subdorsal and of postspiracular ring-spots. His further record 

 (Archiv, vi., pi. xxxiii), meagre as it is, is noteworthy as almost 

 the only record of the larva of this species, except in its last instar. 

 On this plate he figures a larva in its last, its penultimate, and 

 ante-penultimate skin, and, like another larva that he records, and 

 which precisely resembled his larva of pi. iv, this one fed on vine. It 

 is remarkable as being a very marked variation from the type 

 form, and does not appear to be elsewhere figured. He says that it 

 produced the same kind of moth as the others, and there is no other 

 species that it could possibly be of those known to occur in Europe. 

 This larva has, in its last instar, a broad, black, dorsal band, somewhat 

 wider than the ordinary pink one, and so shortening the black 

 offsets (that occur on ordinary larvae) towards the subdorsal pink 

 ocellated spots. These ocellated spots are of the same colour as the 

 subdorsal line (yellowish), outlined with a narrow black line, without 

 which they would simply be parts of the subdorsal line, which is un- 

 usually broad. These ocellated spots are not, as in the normal form, 

 round, but the black marks above them take out their upper portion, 

 making them lunate with the cusps upwards. The yellow subspiracular 

 line is also very broad, and the pink postspiracular ocellus is shown 

 divided into two portions, and is more brick-red than pink. The 

 under portion of the larva is very dark, instead of pale flesh colour. 

 It is, of course, very probable that the younger larva also differs 

 from that of the type at similar ages. His account of this larva is 

 that it was found in the middle ol July, 1784, by Mr. Schellenberg 

 in a vineyard near Winterthur. It fed well on vine leaves, which 

 it devoured greedily. On the third day it changed its skin and had 

 another moult 8 days later. The red spots, which had disappeared 

 at the preceding moult, reappeared. It continued to feed as before 

 and grew so rapidly that, in 8 days, it was fullgrown and, two days 

 later, got restless, ran about the box, and finally made a cocoon 

 amongst leaf-rubbish. It changed to pupa in less than four days. 

 Scarcely three weeks later S. koechlini emerged. Fuessly could see no 

 difference between this and the Mulhouse specimens and others from 

 Italy. The figures show the youngest larva 41mm. long, with a yellow 

 dorsal line, head and last segments red. The other markings and colora- 

 tion the same as usually figured in the last instar. The second figure, in 

 penultimate skin, is 51mm. long, and, except that the base of the horn 

 is pink, the colours are entirely yellow and black, and the markings, as 

 already noted above, as in the fullgrown larva. The latter is drawn 

 as 1 oomm. in length, stretched out (Chapman). The fullgrown larva 

 is described by several entomologists: (1) About 3-^ins. when stretched; 

 the head is the smallest segment, the body tapering towards it from 

 the fifth segment ; the anal prolegs broad and square ; the horn 

 slightly curved, blunt at the tip, and rough ; the skin rather shining, 



