PHRYXUS LIVORNICA. 153 



but, on the hinder half of each segment, showing seven folds, well 

 defined at the sides, but not so distinct on the back, where the skin 

 seems tighter. The ground colour of the back and sides, as far 

 as the spiracles, is an intensely dark green ; the head black, but 

 with a streak across the mouth, as well as the base of the papillae, 

 lemon-yellow ; the plate on the second segment black ; an ochreous- 

 yellow dorsal stripe commences on the third segment and is 

 continued to the horn, it is suffused with rose-pink, and is bordered 

 for some little width on each side by the plain ground colour. A sort 

 of transverse band, also of the ground colour, is placed on the 

 front of each segment, extending from the dorsal line to below 

 the subdorsal; the rest of the sides is irrorated with small greenish- 

 yellow spots which become more whitish near the spiracles. On 

 the lower ends of the above-mentioned bands on segments 4 to 

 12, and just in the region of the well-defined, greenish-yellow, 

 freckled, subdorsal line (in fact, strung on it like beads on a 

 string), is a row of nine, large, roundish, lemon-yellow spots, tinged, 

 in the upper part, with pink ■ these are made all the more conspicuous 

 from being delicately bordered with black, and have also two largish 

 spots of black on their upper border. On segment 3 there is no 

 spot, but only the subdorsal line. The spiracles are ochreous- 

 yellow, tinged with pink ; just below them is an inflated and 

 puckered stripe, yellow on the second segment but whitish on 

 all the rest, and interrupted just behind the middle of each segment 

 by a large round spot of pink, slightly tinged with olive ; the belly 

 also pinkish; the anterior legs black; the ventral prolegs pinkish- 

 white, tipped in front with a spot of black ; the anal prolegs 

 black, a pink edge at the side of the anal flap. I have called the 

 subdorsal spots roundish, but, in reality, the shape is somewhat 

 that of a dumpy pear with the short stem pointing forwards and 

 upwards, whilst the last spot in the row, that on segment 12, may 

 be described as of an elongated pear-shape, with the point directed 

 backwards and upwards towards the horn (Hellins). (2) The head 

 and second segment and the anal prolegs all deep pink ; the dorsal 

 line yellow ; the horn red and rough ; the ground colour dark green, 

 freckled with yellow, save in the transverse bands on the front of each 

 segment ; the subdorsal line yellow, but without the row of roundish 

 spots; the belly yellowish (Marshall, Buckle?'^ Larvae, ii., p. 44). (3). 

 The head and the second segment black, an intensely black stripe all 

 down the back, the transverse bands black, and enclosing at their 

 extremities semilunar spots of yellowish-white on the subdorsal line, 

 the pinkish suffusion of the round spots in this case replaced by 

 black, and so the usual outline of the spots is altered ; the 

 rest of the back and sides blackish, irrorated with greenish-drab; the 

 belly also very dark, the horn dark purplish (Gatcombe, loc. cit.). 

 (4) The larva is about 3-^ins. in length, smooth and black, but so 

 covered with yellow dots as to appear nearly yellow ; the head 

 dull pink ; the upper part of the 2nd segment has a semicircular, 

 plate-like appearance of the same colour ; the dorsal line yellow ; 

 each segment blotched with dull red and bordered with black ; the 

 black on the front part of the segments, from the 4th to the nth, 

 expands into a would-be square spot, but for a series of eight 

 yellow semicircular spots resting on the subdorsal line, the centres 



