PHRYXUS LIVORNICA. 157 



it is very wide opposite the glazed eye where the usual outer angle 

 forms a right angle, and here measuring 4*omm. across, it narrows 

 in the next 6-omm. to romm. The other mouth-parts are re- 

 presented by a transverse ridge across the dorsum, which rises at 

 each end into definite little knobs, which seem to be rather an 

 angle of the epicranium than the mandible. The end of the first 

 tibia rises into a strong prominence, just opposite the appearance 

 of the i st femur, between the ist leg and maxilla?, this is rather 

 a widening of the suture here for about 3'omm, than an 

 actual appearance of the femur. All these appendages are marked 

 by fine but rough transverse ridges. The posterior margins of 

 the wings are hollowed out so as to form a curve, and make 

 the anal angle somewhat acute and the inner veins (i^?) curved 

 to an even greater extent, since it reaches the anal angle, but 

 recedes just above, 7 further veins are quite prominent, the 7th 

 reaching the apex. The head and thoracic segments are sculptured 

 in raised ridges or wrinkles, more or less broken up into islets, 

 but except these minute nodules on the head, presenting no special 

 development. The first spiracle is raised, both lips rising above 

 the general surface, especially the posterior one. The metathorax 

 falls in laterally more than dorsally, and forms a definite waist. The 

 sculpturing of the ist and 2nd abdominal segments, and even 

 of the 3rd, is of a doubtful intermediate character, but, on the 

 4th and following, it consists definitely of a number of fine 

 circular pits. These are, however, in some degree, in transverse 

 lines, and, in the posterior portion of the segments, spread a little 

 laterally, so that one sees a continuity between the plateau with 

 pits of the front of the segments, and the irregular interrupted ridges 

 with valleys between of the thoracic segments. On the 4th segment, 

 in front of the spiracle, is a specially rough area, with many 

 sharp ridges and anastomosing valleys between, which fade out in 

 each direction into the ordinary pitted structure. The spiracles 

 are a little darker than the surface around, each is an oval hollow 

 with a narrow axial slit. The anal spike, 2mm. long, 2mm. broad 

 and imm. thick, is dorsally continuous with the general surface, 

 but ventrally is cut off from the anal region proper by a transverse 

 groove ■ it has a faint longitudinal ventral groove, is nasally faintly 

 rough, terminally rather polished, the extremity is not very sharp. 

 The anal prominence has a longitudinal groove, and, on either side 

 of it, is a very distinct small round eminence. The ventral centre 

 of the gth segment presents two small rounded eminences. The 

 prolegs are represented by slight depressions, with fine wrinkles, 

 radiating from a nearly smooth centre. The hindwing extends down 

 to the spiracle of the 3rd abdominal segment as a narrow strip, 

 indented by the spiracles of the 2nd abdominal segment, and with no 

 structure shown, except the ordinary transverse fine ridges (Chap- 

 man. Description made from a not very good J pupa supplied 

 by Mr. Head). The pupa measures 47mm. in length and about 

 37mm. in greatest girth. It is stout across the wingcases, which 

 are long : hence the widest part of the pupa is slightly beyond the 

 middle of its length, i.e., nearer the posterior extremity. It then 

 tapers off rapidly in both directions. The anal extremity terminates 

 in two small, rounded, lateral projections and a short, narrow. 



