182 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



instar (August 17th, 1901) : [All three larvae are now alike, 

 except that No. 3 has fewer shagreen spots ; they are almost 

 entirely wanting in this example on the enlarged (1st) subseg- 

 ments, whilst in the others there is a well-marked fringe of 

 spots bordering the enlarged 1st subsegment.] Colour and 

 markings now brilliant and striking ; rather stout, with medium-sized 

 head (small when fullfed) ; body tapering considerably from the 7th 

 abdominal ; the anal segment long, but rather small, consisting 

 chiefly of anal prolegs and flap ; the caudal horn rather more 

 developed than in last instar, bright coral-red in colour, raised on a 

 low conical mound and curved backwards much as in larva of Sphinx 

 ligustri (in one bent backwards almost horizontally), shiny, chitinous, 

 thorny, with twin-like hairs arising from tubercular bases at summit. 

 Head much rounded, but with tendency to trapezoidal shape in 

 frontal outline, partly retractile, appears fairly smooth to naked eye, 

 has in reality a fine granular surface ; colour deep salmon-pink ; the 

 base of antenna and labrum white, other mouthparts, tips of 

 antennae, and broad band just above mouth black. The skin of the 

 body is shiny black (like black satin), the scutellum and anal plates 

 deep brick-red. The legs and prolegs black, the feet red. Neither infra- 

 spiracular nor subdorsal bands present ; the subdorsal spots variable in 

 shape on the different segments, on the meso- and metathorax they 

 are rather small and elongated vertically, on the abdominal segments 

 the spots become larger as they go backwards, getting longer, more 

 elongated into oval outline, with the longer axis horizontal until that on 

 the 8th abdominal segment becomes a broad, short, slanting slash at 

 base of caudal horn, their colour pale shiny yellow ; these spots form the 

 characteristic feature of the larva in this stadium. The coloured 

 bases of the shagreen-hairs are large and form distinct yellow spots; 

 they are, however, almost or entirely absent on the area of what 

 was formerly the subdorsal band, and are also wanting on the latter 

 two-thirds of the enlarged 1st subsegment (in reality the 2nd and 

 3rd subsegments) ; these shagreen- spots become small and fade out 

 on the ventral area. The spiracles large, white, slightly tinged with 

 yellow at edges, the whole surrounded by a black rim. The hairs 

 are minute, black, rather larger on head, front of scutellum and 

 anal plate than elsewhere. The entire absence of the mediodorsal 

 band and the red central shading to the dorsal spots (both 

 marked characters in the preceding stadium) is very noticeable 

 (Bacot). Smooth, elongate, attenuated anteriorly, of a fine 

 olive-green colour, more or less speckled with yellowish-green ; 

 an interrupted dorsal line of dull pink, and, on either side, one of 

 bright green, meeting the dorsal one at the head ; the lower half of 

 the body and abdomen pale yellowish-green ; a series of large 

 pyriform patches of a yellow colour, bordered by black, with a 

 brown-red spot in the middle of each ; these spots lie in the dorsal 

 lines which meet on either side of the dorsal horn ; those on the 

 middle segments are the largest and brightest; a lateral line of 

 yellow, having on the segments a pinkish-red speck, on which are 

 the stigmata ; a pale yellow ventral line ; legs yellowish, true legs 

 tipped with dark brown. Head slate-colour, with the mandibles 

 black, labrum green, palpi yellow, tipped with brown, escutcheon 

 fine green, with a slate-coloured oval patch on it ; anus with a 

 slate-coloured patch above ; caudal horn brown, tipped and granulated 



