194 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



quarters of a mile. Tug well notes that, in 1888, he found larvae over 

 a considerable area in the Deal district, and not at all confined to 

 the sandhills and coast, but extending from St. Margaret's Bay on 

 the southwest to Pegwell Bay on the north, and extending from 

 the sea-line to places five or six miles inland. In Essex, Cole 

 found larvae on the higher land bordering the shore of Osey Island, 

 in the Blackwater estuary. Bartel says that, in Germany, the larvae 

 prefer sunny slopes and openings in woods, although, on the 

 continent, its permanent home seems to be along the lower moun- 

 tains of the central Alpine chains and the various branches origin- 

 ating therein, e.g., Schiitze notes the species as rare in the plains of 

 Saxon Upper Lusatia, but common in the mountains, Bruand observes 

 that, in the dept. Doubs, the species is more abundant in the mountains 

 than in the lower districts, whilst Alpheraky states that it occurs in 

 the mountains of the Kouldja district from 3000ft. — 9000ft. In 

 France, Oberthiir says the species is more or less eastern, becoming 

 commoner in Germany, whilst PeyerimhofT notes it in Alsace as 

 preferring warm sheltered spots in the high mountains. It appears 

 to be almost absent from the Mediterranean district, the only record 

 that we have, besides those from Sicily and southern Italy, being 

 the capture of a fullgrown larva at Trieste on September, 6th, 1897, 

 by Mathew. 



Summarised history of the species as bpitish. — Harris is said, 

 by Stephens, Curtis and others, to have first noticed this species as 

 British in the Atcrelian in 1778, under the name of euphorbiae, a 

 larva having been found by him at Barnscray, near Crayford, on 

 marshy ground, about the middle of August, but his description 

 of the larva, which died soon after capture, and was not the one 

 he figured, certainly suggests none of the characteristics of either 

 euphoi'biae or gallii, and one suspects that it was neither. Donovan is 

 also said by Dale and others to record it as British, under the name of 

 euphorbiae, in the Nat. Hist, of Brit. Insects, hi., pp. 51-52, published 

 in 1794, from an imago taken at Bath, and four larvae taken in Devon- 

 shire by Curtis, but as Donovan says that the Bath specimen was 

 in his own collection, and he figures euphorbiae excellently, in all 

 its stages, from French examples, it is unreasonable to suppose 

 that the Bath insect was anything but what Donovan says it was, 

 and the larvae are certainly as likely to have been euphorbiae as 

 gallii. Haworth says (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1807, p. 99) that 

 he had a British specimen which he had mistaken for euphorbiae, 

 until Montague informed him in a letter to his friend, the Rev. W. 

 Vaughan, that "he had taken the larvae of both gallii and euphorbiae 

 in Devonshire and bred them." This specimen he figures (pi. iv) 

 under the name of gallii, but it is an undoubted euphorbiae, with, how- 

 ever, certain abdominal spots resembling those of Phryxus livornica. 

 Stephens observes (Illustrations, &c.) that he "saw a living speci- 

 men about 1 816, which was taken in the beginning of June on 

 some palings in the City Road, and a second was detected near the 

 same spot a year or two back." He also refers to the larva Harris took, 

 and adds that "the species has several times occurred in the West of 

 England, and has been taken near Penzance, in Cornwall, and at 

 Kingsbridge, Devon, by Dr. Leach."' He figures (pi. xii., fig. 2) the 

 true C. gallii very well, and gives a good description thereof, ap- 



