CELERIO GALLII. 195 



parently the first reliable figure published in Britain. Dale notes 

 (Young Nat., supp. p. 58) that " Tuther obtained a specimen in 

 London on June 27th, 181 2, which is still in the 'Dale' collection, 

 Cole took one at Islington in 1825, and Garnons one at Colchester 

 in 1830; whilst Lockey found one at Charmouth in 1831, and two 

 were taken on August 6th at Norwich ; " Doubleday also captured 

 an example very early one morning in August, 183 1, at Epping 

 (Ent. Mag., iii., p. 285). The year 1834 is the first gallii year of 

 which we have any record ; four imagines were taken in August 

 (2nd, 9th and 29th), and five or six others seen at Great Yarmouth, 

 whilst several larvae were found later on Galium veruni on the 

 North and South denes (Paget, Ent. Mag., ii., pp. 434-435); Bass 

 also records an example as captured in mid-September, 1834 (loc. 

 cit., ii., p. 529), and Dale states ( Young Nat., supp. p. 58) that " three 

 others were recorded from Milton, near Peterborough, and one at 

 Longhurst, Somerset. In July, 1835, an example was taken at 

 Coundon (Bree, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ix., p. 482), also one in 

 the same month at Worcester, whilst a third was captured in the 

 Isle of Wight, by Lees (Edmonds, Ent. Mag., iii., p. 410); two 

 more were taken in early September, 1835, at Cumwheaton, near 

 Carlisle, by Heysham (loc. cit., p. 409). No further record appears 

 until September 15th, 1842, when a fine $ was captured at Whitefield, 

 near Bury (Edleston, Z00L, 1843). Humphreys and Westwood, in 1843, 

 note the species as having been recorded from Devonshire, Corn- 

 wall, Isle of Wight, London, Warwick, Worcester, Twizell, Cum- 

 wmeaton, Cumberland, and Cramond, near Edinburgh. One is 

 recorded as having been taken in June, 1846, at Lewes (Weir), 

 another near Faversham (Horsley), and one on September 1st, 1846, 

 at Rainham in Kent (Longley). None were recorded then until 

 July 22nd, 1854, when a specimen was taken near St. Margaret's 

 Bay (Thorne), and in 1855 a few larvae were found in mid-August 

 by Smith at Deal, whilst one other larva is recorded from Devonport 

 on September 5th by Hayward. The later records, particularly 

 those relating to the 1859, 1870 and 1888 immigrations, are dealt 

 with in the paragraph on " Times of Appearance." 



Time of appearance. — Usually in May and June, (more rarely in 

 July) after hybernation as pupa; occasionally imagines are disclosed 

 (without forcing) in August, September and October of the year in 

 which pupation takes place, after a pupal period of only two to four 

 weeks. Its appearance, however, is so irregular that one may often 

 observe larvae and imagines at the same time (Bartel). As bearing 

 out this statement, Ochsenheimer (Die Schmett., iv., p. 177) notes 

 that Treitschke found 3 larvae on the Schotenweiderich on July 

 2nd, 181 6; these pupated, and one produced an imago after 

 17 days only, whilst the others emerged {$ and $ ) after 

 being exactly a year and 17 days in the pupal stage. Thurau 

 notes (Berl. Ent. Zeits., liv., pp. 19-20) that a few C. gallii pupae 

 produce imagines the same year, that he has observed that 

 larvae pupating before July 15th emerge after some two weeks, the 

 others not till the next year. In Britain immigrant imagines generally 

 appear in July or August, usually at a long interval of years. These 

 lay eggs from which larvae are obtained in August and Sep- 

 tember, the pupae being usually forced in the winter, or allowed 



