HYLES EUPHORBIA. 207 



size, with no red in them*. It follows from Nickerl's description that these were 



incorrectly named The third red form of this species is grentzenbergi, 



described' from the double-brooded Capri examples. We have one of Staudinger's 

 original specimens, which is rather small, very dark, the red colour and dark markings 

 most highly developed, and not to be confounded with other aberrations, and most 

 resembles the ab. figured in Berge's Schmetterlingsbuch and tithymali, Bdv , from 

 the Canaries, a form that is continuously-brooded, flies on the southern limits of the 

 Palaearctic region, and has, doubtless, already become distinct. The ab. rubescens 

 is widely distributed in Galicia — Lemberg, &c. It must not be supposed that all 

 dark larvae produce ab. r-ubescens ; some very dark larvae from Okopy produced quite 

 normal examples without exception (Garbowski). Distribution. — Austro- 

 Hungary : Galicia — Lemberg, Hungary — Epiries, Bukovina, everywhere (Hormu- 

 zaki). France: Haute-Garonne, commoner than the typical form (Varadja). 

 Germany : Berlin, Carlsruhe, Alsace (Reutti), Stuttgart (Seyffler), Thuringia 

 (Knapp). Roumania : transitional forms, rare. Switzerland : with the type (Tutt). 

 d. var. paralias, Nick.. " Bohmens Tagfalter," p. 22, pi. i., fig. 2 (1837); 

 Staud., "Cat.," 2nd ed., p. 37 (1871); 3rd ed., p. 102(1901); " Hor. Soc. Ent. 

 Ross.," xiv., p. 297 (187Q) ; Garb., " Sitz. Akad. Wiss.," ci., p. 917 (1892); Kirby, 

 " Cat.," p'. 666 (1892); Bartel, "Pal. Gross-Schmett.," ii., p. 85 (1899).— Visiting 

 the coast of Austrian-Italy in the summer of 1835, several larvae were found on 

 Euphorbia paralias on the Island of Lydo, near Venice. These were characterised 

 by their large size and darker marking, when compared with the allied larvae 

 of euphorbiae. They were kept without food three days, and then only fed on 

 half-dried plants, and so pupated rather earlier than might have possibly happened; 

 the pupae were sent to Prague, where imagines emerged the following April. Had 

 they been better fed they would possibly have been still larger, but yet were about 

 one-fifth larger than normal euphorbiae. They are similar to the latter in form and 

 colour, but the large rhomboid spot in middle of costa of forewings in euphorbiae, 

 is, in these, from 2 to 4 times larger and forms a horizontal hexagon in outline. In 

 the pale colour red preponderates and the olive-coloured markings are brighter. 

 On the hindwings, where a pale red tint also prevails, the black transverse band runs 

 parallel to outer margin, shading on the inner side into olive-colour, and is much 

 more stronglv waved and forms at the anal angle a sharp triangle of olive colour, 

 edged with black, with the point directed backwards, which is also larger and 

 more acutely angulated than in euphorbiae. On the underside of the wings, red 

 preponderates ; the black spot of the forewings is considerably larger and the 

 oblique simply-curved transverse band, passing from the costal margin of the hindwing 

 backwards, which is often double in euphorbiae, is, in this variety, much more distinct, 

 longer, S-shaped, curved from the front outwards, inwards and backwards. The 

 olive-coloured spot at the anal angle is larger. This variety may be provisionally 

 regarded as a new species under the name of D. paralias until someone has 

 compared the larva with that of the typical form of the species (Nickerl). Dis- 

 tribution.— Asia : northwest Asia Minor — Amasia, Tokat (Staudinger), Cilician 

 Taurus, Syria (Staudinger). Austro-Hungary : Budapest, Great Tapolczany. 

 Germany: Elberfeld. Leipzig (Jordan)," Erfurt, Baden— Freiburg, Lahr, Carlsruhe, 

 Weinheim (Reutti). Greece: Corfu, Parnassus, Attacus, Syra, Naxos (Staudinger). 

 Italy : Isle Lydo, near Venice (Nickerl), Porto d'Anzio, near Rome (Calberla), 

 Sicily— Mondello (Curd). Portugal (Bartel). France: Haute-Garonne (Caradja). 

 Russia : Transcaucasia — Borjom (Romanofl). [One suspects that many of these 

 records belong to ab. rubescens, which occurs almost everywhere with the type, and 

 not to the large Venetian race.] 



Bartel notes (Pal. Gross-Schmett., ii., p. 85) this variety as much 

 larger than typical H. euphorbiae, as large as H. nicaea, but similar to the 

 former in markings and colour, arid points out particularly that the black 

 spot in the middle of the forewings is much larger than in H. euphorbiae, 

 and that the transverse stripe of the hindwings which, in H. euphorbiae, 

 is simple or double, and arched, is, in var. paralias, far more 

 sharply defined, longer, and bent in S-form, whilst the olive-coloured 

 spot at the inner angle of the underside of the hindwings is larger 



* It is interesting to note that Staudinger, " Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 102, sinks 

 G arbo \v ski's rubescens as a transition form to paralias, Nick., but maintains his own 

 grentzenbergi. One wonders whether Garbowski's criticism influenced Staudinger. 



