208 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



in this form. Bartel adds that it is only to be regarded as a large, 

 light-coloured, sharply-marked form of H. euphorbiae, with a marked 

 pale red tinge. He further points out that Staudinger's brief 

 diagnosis " becoming red " has given rise to constant confusion 

 between this and var. grentzenbergi. Galvagni notes ( Verh. Z. Z. 

 zool.-bot. Ges., lii., p. 378) that an example was bred at Vienna, July 9th, 

 from a larva taken at Pelagosa on June 7th. He also bred the same 

 form from one found on Euphorbia cyparissias at Deutsch-Matrei 

 (Tyrol), but the Pelagosa example differs from this one in having a 

 darker wine-red marginal area of the forewings and deeper-coloured 

 hindwings. The foodplant at Pelagosa may be E. dendroides, or 

 E. pinea, which also occurs there. At Lussin, Garbowski found it 

 on E. wulfenii (cfr. Verhandlungen, 1898, S.-B., p. 96). Calberla 

 reports larvae of var. paralias in great numbers on Euphorbia paralias, 

 near Rome. 



e. var. grentzenbergi, Staud., "Ent. Nach.," xi., p. 10 (1885); Aust., " Le 

 Nat.," viii., p. 259 (1886); Kirby, "Cat.," p. 666 (1892;; Bart., "Pal. Gross- 

 Schmett.," ii., p. 86 (1899); Staud., " Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 102 (1901). — Grentzenberg 

 found, in May and June, 1884, in Capri Island, a quantity of larva? of D. euphorbiae 

 which differed little from normal German larvae. Most of the larvae had been 

 stung by Tachinids, but he obtained some 30 sound pupae. These pupae (excepting 9, 

 which are hybernating), in July, but mostly in September, produced moths so different 

 from the ordinary German and other European specimens as to well deserve a 

 varietal name, and I name them in honour of their discoverer. In all of them 

 the light (grey or white) parts (especially of the lorewings and the thorax) are 

 more or less bright red in colour. This is especially striking in the broad medial 

 and terminal bands of the forewings, which are always red, even though in one 

 specimen the usual grey colour is here only covered over strongly with red. To 

 be sure, specimens of euphorbiae with a red tint occur also with us, but all 

 my red German specimens are, nevertheless, distinguishable at once from var. 

 grentzenbergi ; in particular, the central area always remains in them more or 

 less grey (white grey) posteriorly, while in var. grentzenbergi it is red ; the white 

 lateral stripes on the prothorax and head also are often quite red in the Capri 

 form ; the light hairs at the end of the metathorax are always so. The white 

 spots of the abdomen and the white margins of the segments become reddish 

 in a few specimens only. On the other hand, the entire under surface, both of 

 wings and body, is far redder than in even the reddest aberrations of euphorbiae 

 from other localities. Whether the specimens from Capri are so red every year, 

 or whether this is less the case in other years, still remains to be discovered 

 (Staudinger). Distribution: France: Haute-Garonne— Toulouse (Caradja). 

 Italy : Capri (Grentzenberg), Sicily — Taormino (Curd). Portugal : Lisbon {teste 

 Bartel). 



In the Haute-Garonne, Caradja records having bred, from 

 normal or dark larvae, specimens as red as examples of var. grentzen- 

 bergi from Capri, whilst, from very bright yellow larvae, he bred, in 

 part, very large moths, which are almost normal in colour, but 

 approach somewhat ab. paralias. One suspects the Haute-Garonne 

 examples to belong rather to ab. rubescens than var. grentzenbergi. 

 Staudinger notes the latter (Cat., 3rd ed., p. 102) as " intensius 

 rubescens." 



£. var. (an ab.) esuiae, Bdv., "Icones," ii., p. 26, pi. 1., fig. 1 (1834) ; " Hist. 

 Nat.,"i.,p. 163(1875); Dup., "Hist. Nat.," supp. ii., p. 18, pi. ii., fig. 1 (1835); Fit., 

 "Neu. Beit.," iv., p. 5, pi. 291, fig. 1 (1839); H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," ii., p. 88 (1846), 

 fig-3( l8 43); Staud., "Cat.," 2nded., p. 37 (1871); 3rd ed., p. 102 (1901) ; Rom., 

 " Mem.," 1., p. 70 (1884) ; Curo, " Bull. Soc. Ent. It.," xxi., p. 80 (1890) ; Kirby, 

 "Cat.," p. 666 (1892); Bartel, "Pal. Gross-Schmett.," ii., p. 87 (1899;.— Al'is 

 integris, anticis cinereo-ardusiaceis vitta pallida maculaque disci virescente; posticis 

 nigris fascia media rubra margineque exteriori ardusiacea. Forewings whitish 

 slaty-grey, with basal spot, discoidal spot, and a sinuous transverse band of obscure 



