HYLES EUPHORBIA. 223 



the true legs red, with a single strong black claw, a ring of black hairs 

 at joints. The thoracic segments gradually increase in size, and this 

 enlargement continues to the 3rd abdominal segment ; then the seg- 

 ments are pretty uniform to the 8th abdominal, which carries the 

 caudal horn, the 9th is contracted, the anal flap reddish, the 

 anal prolegs arising from the central portion. A red mediodorsal 

 line extends from head to anal flap, the caudal horn red with black 

 tip, and moderately large in proportion to the size of the larva. The 

 ground colour of the body is black, thickly covered with yellow spots 

 arranged so as to run transversely in circles around each subsegment 

 except the 1st; this 1st subsegment bears two very characteristic 

 marks : (1) A pink oval patch increasing in size from the prothorax to 

 the 8th abdominal and placed subdorsally, i.e., on either side of the 

 mediodorsal line and forming two longitudinal rows, 1 1 in number 

 (although that on the prothorax is modified into a linear mark 

 on the front edge of the segment). (2) A series of yellow spots 

 irregularly oval in form (although some incline to quadrangular) 

 extending from abdominal segment 1 to abdominal segment 9, 

 becoming on the latter segment a large longitudinal patch, and 

 placed above and a little in front of the spiracle on each segment. 

 The skin is sprinkled with minute short black shagreen-hairs, at least 

 one in each small yellow spot, the spots being in reality hair-bases, 

 whilst the united yellow spots are united hair -bases ; there 

 are, however, as many hairs on the dark ground colour, with- 

 out pale bases, as there are on the other parts of the body ; this 

 structure suggests strongly that the rows of pink and yellow blotches 

 on the 1st subsegments of the segments are formed by a coalesence 

 of a number of these spots into a definite pattern. There is a very 

 definite supraspiracular black-brown seta (iii) on the black area, 

 and another very similar one (iv) below the spiracle on the yellow 

 lateral flange, and one finds, dorsally, strong hairs that may represent 

 i and ii, but they are difficult to trace and do not appear to be 

 present on all the segments, nor to have quite the same position ; 

 there appears to be no tubercle v, unless a prespiracular 

 seta at the front of each segment can possibly be it. The 

 subsegments on the prothorax are ill-defined ; those of the 

 meso- and prothorax appear to consist of a wide 1st subsegment 

 and at least 4 narrower ones, but the rows of yellow spots suggest 

 that there may be as many as on the abdominal segments ; the 

 abdominal segments, 1st to 8th, appear to have nine subsegments, of 

 which the 1st subsegment is small, 2nd large (half the segment), 

 3rd-9th** small; those of the 8th abdominal are modified by the 

 presence of the caudal horn. The spiracles are creamy-white in 

 colour, placed on the crease dividing the anterior subsegments ; 

 each is oval in outline formed of two lunular-shaped pieces of 

 membrane with the straight edges closely appres.sed, slightly de- 

 pressed centrally, with a fine, slightly-raised black rim. The 

 prothoracic spiracle is distinctly wider than the abdominal spiracles. 

 A subspiracular, slightly tumid, flange runs from the prothorax to the 

 8th abdominal segment ; this is made conspicuous by the modification 



* The last subsegment is very doubtfully distinct from the 8th, it appears to be 

 so more distinctly on some segments than others. 



