240 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



September at Leipzig, in Thuringia, and in Silesia, where it is 

 common, May-June and rarely in autumn at Baden, June and Septem- 

 ber at Wiesbaden, May-June and rarely in autumn in Switzerland, 

 May and July at Fiinfkirchen, July and September, in Tuscany (one 

 suspects also a spring brood), July to September near Florence, June 

 and August in the Loire-Inferieure. It is remarkable that few of the 

 Italian dates are given earlier than June and July — at the end of 

 May, and again in July and August about Rome — but our knowledge 

 of the Italian lepidoptera is most unsatisfactory, and the species may 

 be generally double- or even continuously-brooded in the warmer 

 parts. In the mountains at a moderate elevation the imagines 

 do not emerge until July-August — July ist-i5th in the Oetzthal 

 (von Gumppenberg), August 15th-!. 9th at Zermatt (Jones), July 

 28th, 1899, almost at summit of the Simplon Pass (Edwards) — here, 

 too, the species is single-brooded as it is also in its more northern 

 and western localities, the west coast of France, Belgium, Nether- 

 lands, the north coast of Germany and the Baltic districts. 

 Other dates given are — middle of May at Teheran, May at Brussa, 

 and the Kouldja district, May and June in the Ural district, 

 end of May at Sarepta, end of July at Noworossiisk on the Black 

 Sea, July and August at Aix-les-Bains, mid-September in Trans- 

 sylvania, in July at Bergun, Simplon, Macugnaga, valleys of the 

 Upper Inn, Bucovina, and most mountain districts. We also have June, 

 common, at Brunswick, May-June at Augsburg and Frankfort-on-Main, 

 July-August at Ulm, August at Bremen. Fritsch gives dates from 

 May ioth-July 25th for Austro-Hungary, and only a few isolated 

 autumnal ones. Reaumur notes it at the commencement of July 

 on the banks of the Loire, whilst Harrison records it in June-July 

 on the Brittany coast at Le Poldu, although three imagines emerged 

 September, 1897, from August pupae of the year. Occasionally 

 mountain races gives an odd autumnal example in confinement, e.g., 

 imagines occur in the Val d'Herens in June-July, but Chapman reared 

 one, from an Evolena larva, on September 23rd, 1899, after being only 

 18 days in the pupal stage. There are numberless records of these 

 occasional autumnal emergences in confinement; thus Sich bred ima- 

 gines from continental pupae from July 8th-2ist, 1901, and from an egg 

 laid by one of these he obtained another imago on October 7th of 

 the same year. Records like May 16th, 1901, at Malta (Fletcher), 

 early August (from summer pupae) at Malta (de la Garde), only help 

 to prove the continuous-broodedness of the species here. Of actual 

 dates of emergence or capture, besides those already noted, we have 

 few. These are July 9th, i860, at Aldemey (Walker), May 5th-July 

 24th, 1890, from Newquay pupae (St. John), June 21st, 1893, at light 

 at Berne (Hiltbold), July 3rd-4th, 1898, at light, at Aigle, larvae of 

 all sizes occurring in the district at the same time (Lowe), August 

 1 5th-i9th, 1898, at Zermatt (Jones), a large 2 July 28th, 1899, almost 

 at summit of the Simplon Pass on the Italian side (Edwards), July 

 24th, 1900, in the Statzer-Thal (Galvagni). 



LOCALITIES. — The following list exhibits how a species, well-known as 

 having no permanent residence in Britain, may appear to have a wide distribution 

 in this country. Ayr: Monkton** (Dunlop). CHESHIRE.: Bidston, near Birken- 



** Probable immigrants or escapes. 



