HYLRS EUPHORBL/E. 241 



head**, one (Morgan teste Gregson), Forraby ***, between Little Brighton and 

 Hightown, two larvae*** (Gregson teste Ellis), Bolton**, one 1865 (Chappell). 

 Cornwall: near Newquay (Fry), Pendower Sands, Tresco f (Daws in litt.), Seilly 

 Isles — nr. Tresco Abbeyf (teste Bartel). Devon: Braunton Burrows (extinctsince 1832) 

 (Raddon). Dublin: Killiney § (Hely teste Greene). Gloucester: Cirencester % 

 (testejefferys). Hants: Southampton** (Weston), Isle of Wight ***, a single larva 

 (Mitford). ISLEOFMANff (Dewhirst teste Hodgkinson). Kent: Deal**(Coverdale), 

 Dover**, Dartford** (Tutt). Lancs : Formby ft (Gregson). Norfolk : King's 

 Lynn** (Barrett). Somerset: Taunton ff (Rawlinson), Bath.** (teste Donovan). 

 Suffolk: near Ipswich*** (Bisshopp), Landguard Fort ft (Garrett), near Har- 

 wich IT (Durand). Surrey: Box Hill ft (Gardner). Sussex: Ecclesbourne ft , 

 Hastings ff (Cosmo-Melvill teste Tenner). Warwick : Coventry ff (Mercer 

 teste Stephens). Worcester: Worcester ff (Smith, Suds., p. 184). Yorks : 

 Scarborough ff (Stainton's Manual)*. 



DISTRIBUTION. — This species is exceedingly abundant from the Canaries 

 throughout the whole Mediterranean littoral, from which it extends north to the 

 shores of the Baltic, but to no great distance south, i.e., into northern Africa. It 

 extends throughout the Caspian and Aral district to the Himalayas and Kouldja, 

 where it is abundant, whilst in the Achalzik district it is replaced by the pale 

 form (or species) centralasiae. In the Alps of central Europe it is frequently 

 abundant up to an elevation of 6000ft., above which altitude the larvae are rarely 

 found. Africa : Madeira, very common (Cockerell), Canary Isles — Teneriffe, 

 abundant (Longstaff), Algeria — Kouba (Lucas), Bona, common (Speyer), Biskra 

 (Eaton). Asia : Asia Alinor, common — Cilician Taurus, &c. (Staudinger), both 

 sides of the Sea of Marmora, common (Mathew), Amasia, Tokat, Syria — Lebanon, 

 Damascus (Lederer), steppes about Teheran (Bienert), northwest Asia Minor — ■ 

 Brussa, Olympus, Berglehnen, Maghnisa, Smyrna, Aidiu (Staudinger), northern Persia 

 — near Schahkuh, Achal-Tekke district — Aschabad, Mangyschlak peninsula, Ural 

 and Turgai provinces (teste Bartel), Pamirs, Kouldja district — Musart, Valley ot Hi, 

 (Alpheraky), Turkestan (Erschoff), Siberia (Speyer). Austro-Hungary : Taufers 

 valley, Innsbruck (Weiler), Tyrol, not rare — Oetzthal (von Gumppenberg), Upper Inn 

 valleys, Trient, between Sarca and Riva (Hinterwaldner), Bucovina, everywhere 

 common — Solka, &c. (Hormuzaki), Pressburg (Rozsay), Bohemia, common, Carls- 

 bad (Nickerl), Galicia, very common, almost everywhere — Lemberg, Brody, Tarnow 

 (Garbowski), only in certain seasons (Nowicki), Neu Sandec (Klemensiewicz), 

 Stanislawow (Werchratski), Briinn (Schneider), Hermannstadt (Czekelius), Eperies, 



** Probable immigrants or escapes. 



*** No doubt larvae of Celerio gallii. 



f Daws states that the insect has been recorded from here. We cannot trace 

 the record. Nor can we trace Bartel' s authority for Tresco Abbey. 



\ Birchall doubts this record, see Ent. Mo. Mag., x., p. 153. 



% A hearsay record. Almost certainly an error of determination. 



ff Wants confirmation badly. 



IT Probable introductions for purposes of trade. 



* The following records, to be considered in their detail, are chosen as examples 

 that will give some idea of part of the evidence on which this species rests as British : 

 (I) Three caterpillars taken near Coventry in 1827 (Mercer teste Stephens). (2) 

 A fullfed larva at Formby on grass, August, 1850 (Gregson, Z00L, 2298). (3) 

 At Taunton, a day or two before October 15th, 1857 (Rawlinson, E. W. Int., 

 1857, p. 29) [The date is most unusual even for an immigrant imago in Britain]. 

 (4) A single larva in the Isle of Wight in 1859 (Mitford) [The great C. gallii 

 year]. (5; Two larvae at Ipswich, September 17th, 1870, feeding on Galium 

 verum (Bisshopp, Ent, v., p. 181) [Certainly those of C. gallii']. (6) Two 

 imagines, one a remarkable aberration, exhibited by Higgins, September 17th, 1873, at 

 the meeting of the Ent. Soc. of London, said to have been bred from near Harwich, 

 where several larvae were stated to have been taken in June, 1872, by Durand (Ent., 

 viii., pp. 46, 263) [The possibility of larvae occurring at Harwich in " June" is exceed- 

 ingly remote. Nothing seems to have been known of Durand as an entomologist]. 

 (7) Imago taken at Bowdon, 1886; wings crippled on right side (Chappell, 

 Ent., xix., p. 250) [Chappell found that he had been the victim of a fraud and 

 destroyed the specimen, vide, Ent., xx., p. 108]. (8) Three larvae near Cirencester, 

 August, 1900, by a lad (Jefferys, Ent., xxxiv., p. 25) [A most unsatisfactory record. 

 Evidently an eiTor of determination]. Many of the other records are just as 

 unsatisfactory. 



