DAPHNIDIN^E. 243 



Florence rare, Fondi, Otranto {teste ~Barte\) . Malta : abundant (Fletcher). Nether- 

 lands : most provinces, especially along the rivers — Friesland, Zeeland, 

 &c. (Snellen), Breda, not rare (Heylaerts), banks of the Scheldt (Mead). 

 Portugal (teste Bartel). Roumania : very common throughout — Jeschelnicza- 

 az-Al-Duna, &c. (Caradja). Russia : Baltic provinces (Sintenis), Moscow govt. 

 (Albrecht), Crimea, south coast (Melioransky), Transcaucasia, common every- 

 where — near Borjom, Tiflis, Kodjori, Talisch (Romanoff), Penkoran, common 

 (Speyer), south Russia (Moeschler), Caucasus (Speyer), govts. Pskow, Mogilew, 

 Kiev, Poland— Kamenez-Podolskii, Wollmia, Bessarabia, govt. Cherson, Aluchta, 

 govt. Jekaterinoslaw, Poltawa — Fubny, Charkow, Orel, Kaluga, Tambov, Noworos- 

 siisk on Black Sea, govt. Tawritschesk, Stavropol, north Caucasus, shores of Caspian 

 Sea {teste Bartel), Fower Volga district, Kasan district, Simbirsk, Ufa, Ural dist., 

 Orenburg, govt. Samara, Saratov, Astrachan — Sarepta, the Achtuba (Eversmann). 

 Scandinavia : Fund, one only (Wallengren), Sweden — Scania (Finne). 

 Spain: Andalusia — Malaga, abundant, particularly near the sea (Rambur), 

 Ronda (Speyer), Teruel — Martin del Rio, Segorbe (Zapater), Barcelona, 

 common (Cuni y Martorell), Catalonia (Martorell y Pefia), Bilbao river 

 district, common (Bell), Sierra-de-Chiclana (Bartel), Albarracin district (Chap- 

 man), Gibraltar (Walker), coast between Gibraltar and Algeciras (Mathew). 

 Switzerland : throughout the plains, sometimes common, at other times rare, 

 extends into the mountain regions to 6oooft. (Frey), in the warmer parts very 

 common (Brown), Val d'Herens, abundant — Villa, Evolena, between Hauderes 

 and Arolla, &c, Simplon (Tutt), between Grindelwald and Zweiliitschinen to, 

 2500ft., abundant (Speyer), Pausanne, abundant (Chaumette), Grisons — Vals Platz 

 extremely abundant (Merrifield), Macugnaga (Edwards), Engadine — Davos-Platz 

 (Sellon), Aigle (Fowe), on the mountains of the Upper Engadine to 6000ft., 

 between Sils-Maria and the Maloja, Wirthshauern (Frey), near Basle (Riggenbach), 

 Bremgarten (Boll), Fenzburg, the Juras of the Cantons Aargau, Solothurn, and 

 Basle (Wullschlegel), Aarberg, formerly common, Schupfen, rare (Rothenbach), 

 Neuenstadt (Couleru), Gadmenthal to 5300ft. (Ratzer), Berne, near Bex, and 

 the warmer parts of Valais, common (Meisner), Vevey (Wullschlegel), Geneva, 

 (Mus. coll.), near Zurich (Frey), Zurich (Nageli), Mettmenstatteu, Niirensdorf 

 (Dietrich), Winterthur district, in most years common (Biedermann), in the lowlands 

 of the Canton Glarus (Heer), Canton St. Gallen to the mountain region, not 

 rare (Taschler), Tarasp (Killias), Belp-Berg, near Signal, common, Zug, Erhebungen 

 from 500ft. -6000ft., near Bergiin (teste Bartel), Bechburg (Riggenbach-Stehlin). 

 Turkey : Eastern Roumelia — Slivna (teste Bartel), shores of Sea of Marmora, 

 Gallipoli, common (Mathew). 



Subfam. : Daphnidiisle. 



We have already suggested (anted,, p. 140) that the Eumorphids 

 in their wider relationships appear to fall into two sections, Philampel- 

 ina and Eumorphina. It is quite evident that, unless we retain these 

 names, these divisions are really of subfamily value, and, if 

 we may extend the groupings suggested (anted, vol. iii., pp. 365- 

 367), it is clear that the Eumorphidae, in the widest sense, may 

 include the Sesiinae, Philampelinae, Eumorphinae, and possibly other 

 groups, of which we, at present, are much too ignorant to formulate 

 even a guess. At any rate, for the purposes of this work, we 

 have now to consider the Philampelina section, which would include 

 the Darapsids, Nephelids, Philampelids, Pachyliids, Acosmerygids, 

 Daphnids, &c. 



The Nephelids are apparently Eumorphid, but exhibit many- 

 very Sesiid characters, whilst the Darapsids are possibly more 

 generalised than the Sesiids and Nephelids, and were given off 

 from the main Eumorphid stem below either of these groups. The 

 Darapsid genera, Darapsa and Gurelca, have unspecialised pupae, 

 and yet are distinctly Eumorphine, so that the suggestion at once 

 arises that the primitive Eumorphid had not only primitive larvae 

 (anted, vol. iii., p. 365), but may, without violence, be assumed to 

 have had primitive pupae, so that the Eumorphids may be 



