258 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



the maxillae where they are narrower. There is also a black dorsal 

 line running down the thorax, and, in some specimens, existing more 

 or less on the abdominal segments. The only other black marks 

 that do not appear to belong to the scattered black points are a series 

 of spots, placed subdorsally on the anterior margins of the 3rd thoracic 

 and abdominal segments, varying in intensity in different specimens. 

 The 8th abdominal spiracle is closed, but, otherwise, is as well marked, 

 as to size, structure, and black marking, as the others. The general 

 surface is finely pitted and the pits connected by fine . depressed 

 lines, the thorax is smoother and the appendage-cases fairly smooth, 

 the wing-cases well marked by neuration and Poulton's line. Laterally, 

 abdominal segments 5, 6 and 7, where covered and exposed in 

 pupal movements, present areas of a different structure, extending 

 backwards to the spiracles, but narrowing to nothing anteriorly 

 and posteriorly ; these surfaces are covered with short transverse 

 ridges, with sharp edges and dark margins, and, where they fade into 

 the general surface, they show by transition that these ridges are 

 special developments of the pupal surfaces between the depressed 

 lines connecting the pits, which arrange themselves transversely 

 as they approach this special area. The anal armature is a short 

 black conical point, i^mm. long, ending in a minute double spine. 

 The anal depression is well-marked, the sexual lines less so, but 

 quite distinct. Four pupae in the possession of M. Constant, one 

 of which was alive (March, 1901) were all affected by two curious 

 defects or malformations. One of these was that the proboscis 

 did not reach the end of the wings by '25m., leaving an 

 unoccupied gap ; the other was that the anterior apex of the 

 2nd tibia, where it meets the 1st tibia and the antenna, had its 

 point similarly absent, leaving a bare gap or depression (Chapman). 

 The pupa is 58mm. in length, its greatest girth, near the extremity 

 of the wing-cases, being 44mm. It tapers towards both extremities, 

 the head being rather small, but not possessing, as in the case of 

 Theretra porcellus and Eumorpha elfienor, so pronounced a keel 

 containing the maxillae. The anal spike is short, and not curved 

 under towards the ventral surface ; moreover, the ring of sharp 

 points, found on three of the abdominal segments of the pupae ot 

 the two moths just named, is absent from that of D. nerii. The 

 colour is a rich pale sienna-brown, lighter inside the junctions of 

 the segments, slightly darker on the back. The segments have a 

 few scattered small black spots on the back, and on the under- 

 surface also. There is a black streak, in some places quite imm. 

 wide, on the thorax along the middle line, but disconnected on 

 the head, and a black spot appears on each side of the head. On the 

 undersurface a black line, '5mm. wide, extends along the centre, from 

 the base of the wing-cases to the anterior extremity. The antennae and 

 leg-cases are olive-brown. The spiracles are set in a black spot (Lucas). 

 The slender pupa is brownish-yellow dorsally, with the exception 

 of the wing-cases, and finely dotted with black at the segmental 

 incisions ; the spiracles stand in large black spots ; the cremaster 

 is short with two fine terminal points slightly curved outwards 

 (Bartel). The pupae are light brown at first but at the end of 5 

 or 6 days have become wholly black (Decellier). 



Forcing pup.*:. — Klooss, who reared this species successfully, 



