SPHINGINAE. 263 



Champrosay, Turbe, Raincy (Fallon, Le Nat., 1885, nos. 21-24), dept. du Nord, 

 occasional visitor (Paux). Germany : Only as an immigrant (Heinemann), 

 southwest Germany in years 1834, 1842, 1846, 1847 and 1852, at Frankfort, Hanau, 

 Darmstadt, Wiesbaden (Koch), West Prussia — Thorn (Nowicki), Dautzig 

 (Siebold), Rhine Palatinate, in certain years (Bertram), Wurtemberg, occasionally, 

 not since 1834 (Seyffler), Giessen, several larva? one summer (Dickore), Lower 

 Kibe district— banks of the Elbe (Zimmermann), Erfurt, in 1834 and 1859 (Kefer- 

 stein), Munich, in gardens, very rare (Kranz), Hesse-Darmstadt, two in 1846, common 

 in 1852 (Glaser), Lower Elbe district — Altona, larvae September, 1859, produced 

 imagines October-November, 1859 (Semper), Alecklenburg, commoner in the '70's 

 than earlier — Ludwigslust, Schwerin, Biitzow, Hageuow (Schmidt), Bremen, 4 

 in 1854, larvae numerous in 1870, Oldenburg, once (Rehberg), Saxon Upper 

 Lusatia — Bautzen, several larvae in September, 1877 (Schutze), Dresden, only 

 as a visitor (Steinert), Thuringia, singly in hot years — Jena, Arnstadt, Sonders- 

 hausen, Gotha, Erfurt, Coburg (Krieghoff), Prussia, not altogether rare, larvae 

 frequently (in 1852 abundant) at Kahlberg, Konigsberg- in 1 86 1, Braunsberg, singly 

 (Grentzenberg), Upper Lusatia — Niesky, twice (Moeschler), Jankendorf, Anclam 

 (Homeyer), Silesia, a migrant — Domanze, Breslau (Assmann), Nassau, several, 

 Wiesbaden, one August 7th, 1852, Mayence, Rheingau (Rossler), Ratisbon. 

 accidental visitor, occurred in 1884 after long absence (Schmid), Posen, 

 Frankfort-on-Oder, Magdeburg, Eschwege, Barmen, Aix, Mayence, Strassburg, 

 Aschaffenburg, Nuremburg, Passau, Metz (Speyer), Pomerania— Stettin, Greifen- 

 hagen, Swinemiinde (Hering), Dessau, larvae often found in 1826, 1835, 1836 and 1847 

 (Richter), Alsace, abundant certain years, e.g., 1857, 1874 (Peyerimhoff), Brunswick, 

 abundant 1846 (Heinemann), Hanover, imagines very rare, larvae sometimes abund- 

 ant in hot summers (Glitz), Frankfort-on-Oder, a few (Kretschmer), Liibeck (Paul), 

 Berlin district occasionally (Pfiitzner), Chemnitz, a visitor (Pabst). GREECE: 

 Attica, Corfu, Titios (Staudinger), Crete (Lucas). Italy: not common (Curd), 

 Modena (Fiori), Sicily, one {Nat. Sic, iv., p. 32), Roman Campagna, rare- 

 Florence, Pisa, Leghorn, Lucca, also larvae inside walls of Rome (Calberla), near 

 Palermo (Curd), Riva (Jones), Genoa, Turin common (Duncan). Netherlands: 

 Groningen, three, Soestdijk in Utrecht, near Haarlem, and Amsterdam in N. 

 Holland, Rotterdam in S. Holland, as larva and imago, Lemburg, Zwolle, one, 

 September, 1874 (Snellen). Roumania : Husch, one, in June, Hucarest, &c. 

 (Caradja). Russia : Baltic provinces — Dorpat (Sintenis), numbers bred in Riga 

 1877, 1882 (Teich), Esthonia — Poenal, one (Frese teste Petersen), Crimea 

 (Melioransky), Transcaucasia — Borjom, in July, rare (Romanoff). Scandi- 

 navia : has occurred at Gothland, Russian Karelia (Aurivillius), once at 

 Christiania (Siebke). Spain : Andalusia, Cadiz (Staudinger), Galicia, rare — 

 Santiago (Macho- Velado), Barcelona (Cuni y Martorell), Catalonia (Martorell y 

 Peiia), Bilbao, 5 larvae, August, 1885, bred October (Seebold). Switzerland : 

 Grisons — Reichenau (Killias), Campagne Villamont at Lausanne (Chaumette), 

 Geneva (Fallou). Turkey: Constantinople (Treitschke), Crete (Lucas). 



Subfamily : Sphinginae. 



It has been generally accepted that this subfamily is the most 

 highly specialised of the Sphingids. In certain ways this is true, 

 as the larvae, pupae and imagines are, at least in some genera, 

 e.g., Agrias, &c, exceedingly highly specialised. But further 

 study of the group shows that this is not so in all cases, and some 

 species that must, on our present knowledge, be placed in the 

 Sphinginae are very fairly generalised forms. Nor is the general 

 opinion, that the subfamily (as distinguished from the Eumorphids 

 and Amorphids) is well-defined, at all true, for the lower members 

 of the group — Ceratomia, Daremma, &c. — are not too decidedly 

 free from Amorphid features. The actual relationships of the 

 Sphingids and Amorphids, also, are not at all too clear, and, the 

 more one investigates the subject, the more one is inclined to 

 unite the Sesiids, Eumorphids, Philampelids, &c, into one group, 

 and the Sphingids and Amorphids into another. It is true that 

 the Sphinginae are specialised much in the direction of the higher 

 Eumorphids (sens, lat.), but they have also many characters placing 



