HYLOICUS. 275 



Poda, "Ins. Mus. Grsec," p. 80 (1761) ; Scop., "Ent. Cam.," p. 187 (1763) ; 

 Hufn., "Berl. Mag-.," ii., p. 182 (1766); Drury, "111. Exot. Ent.," pi. xxvii., 

 % 2 (1773); Fab., "Syst. Ent.," p. 541 (1775) J "Spec. Ins.," ii., p. 146 

 (1781); "Mant.," ii., p. 95 (1787); "Ent. Syst.," in., pt. 1, p. 367 (1793); 

 [Schifi.,] " Schmett. Wien.," p. 41 (1775); I^-' s n - Ausg., p. 10 (1801) ; Esp., 

 " Schmett. Eur.," ii., p. 106, pi. xii., figs. I — 3 (1779); p. 233, pi. xxxvi., 

 n g- 9 0786); Bergstr., " Sphing. Larv.," p. 6 (1782); Retz., "Gen. et Spec. 

 Ins.," p. 33 (1783); Bork., " Svs. Besch.," ii., pp. 101, 147, 180 (1789); 

 Brahm, "Ins.-Kal.," ii., p. 127 (1791); Hb., "Eur. Schmett.," ii., fig. 67 

 (1796); text, ii., p. 98 (circ. 1805); "Larvae Lep.," ii., Sph. iii., Legit. C, a, 

 tigs. I a — d (circ. 1800) ; Schrank, "Faun. Boica," ii., 1, p. 224 (1801) ; Don., 

 "Brit. Ins.," ix., p. 19, pi. 296 (t8oo-i); Haw., "Lep. Brit.," pt. 1, p. 59 

 (1803); Ochs., "Die Schmett.," ii., p. 243 (1808); iv., pp. 43-44 (1816) ; 

 Leach, " Edinb. Encycl.," ix., p. 131 (1815); Dalm., "Vet. Ak. Handl.," 

 xxxvii., p. 214 (1816); Sam., "Ent. Comp.," p. 244 (1819); Godt., "Hist. 

 Nat.," iii., p. 30 (1822); Stphs., "111. Haust.," i., p. 121 (1828); "Cat. Br. 

 Ins.," ii., p. 32 (1829); Bdv., "Eur. Lep. Ind. Meth.," p. 33 (1829); "Gen. 

 et Ind. Meth.," p. 48 (1840); "Hist. Nat. Sphing.," p. 104 (1875); Meig., 

 "Eur. Schmett.," ii., p. 145 (1830); Dup., "Hist. Nat.," supp. ii., p. 157 

 (1835); Dune, "Brit. Moths," p. 144 (1836); Wood, "Ind. Ent.," tig. 13 

 (1839); Zett., "Ins. Lapp.," p. 916 (1840); Dup., "Icon. Chen.," pi. ii., 

 fig. 2 (circ. 1835) ; " Cat. M£th.," p. 41 (1844) ; Ratz., " Forst-Insecten," 

 ii., pp. 74-76 (1840) ; Humph. & Westd., "Br. Moths," i., p. 14 (? 1841); 

 Evers., "Faun. Volg.-Ural.," p. 112 (1844); H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," ii., 

 p. 90 (1846); Dbldv., "List Brit. Lep.," p. 3 (1847); Heydrch., "Lep. 

 Eur. Cat. Meth.," ed. 3, p. 18 (1851) ; Sta., "Man.," i., p. 90 (1857); 

 Speyer, " Geog. Verb. Schmett.," i., p. 321 (1858); ii., p. 280 (1862); Hein., 

 "Schmett. Deutsch.," i., p. 148 (1859); Humph., "Gen. Brit. Moths," p. 9 

 (i860); Staud., "Cat.," ed. 1, p. 16(1861); ed. 2, p. 36 (1871) ; Wallgrn.', 

 " Skand. Het.," i., p. 34 (1863; ; Snell., " De Vlind.," p. 98 (1867); Berce, 

 "Faun. Franc.," ii., p. 13 (1868); Nolck., "Lep. Fn. Estl.," i., p. 87 (1868); 

 Mill., "Cat. Lep. Alp.-Mar.," p. 117 (1872); Bang-Haas, "Nat. Tids.," (3), ix.,p. 

 402 (1874); ^uni y Mart., "Cat. Lep. Bare," p. 39 (1874); Curd, "Bull. Soc. 

 Ent. Ital.," vii., p/110 (1875); Kirby, "Eur. Butts, and Moths," p. 68, pi. xvii., 

 fig. 1 a-b (1879); Frey, "Lep. Schweiz," p. 56 (1880); BuckL, "Larvae," 

 &e, ii., pp. 27, 112, pi. xxii., fig. 3 (1887); Auriv., " Nord. Fjar.," p. 45 

 (1889); Meyr., "Handbook," &c , p. 298 (1895); Lucas, "Brit. Hawk-Moths," 

 p. 80 (1895); Barr., "Lep. Brit.," ii., p. 27, pi. xlvi (1895); Thell., "Ent. 

 Rec," vii., p. 131 (1895); Tutt, loc. cit., p. 132 (1895); "Brit. Moths," p. 27 

 (1896); Camb., "Ent. Rec," vii., p. 218 (1896); Bartel, " Palaeark. Gross- 

 Schmett.," ii., p. 48 (1899). Herse, Oken, " Lehrb. Zool.," i., p. 762 (1815). 

 Anceryx, Walk., " List," &c, viii., p. 223 (1856) ; Kirby, " Ent. Mo. Mag.," i., 

 p. 254(1865); Weismann, "Studies," &e, transl. p. 265 (1882) ;*^ Leech, " Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond.," 1888, p. 588 (1888). Atreus, Grote, "Hawk-Moths N. 

 America," p. 41 (1886). 



The genus Hyloicus was diagnosed (Verz., p. 139) by Hiibner as 

 follows : 



All the species whitish-grey, black marked, the forewings with straight and 

 waved stripes; the hindwings shaded with blackish — Hyloicus pinastri, Linn., H. 

 coniferarum, Abb., H. me nephron, Cram., H. pamphilius, Cram., H. hylaeus, 

 Cram., H. hasdrubal, Cram. 



Hiibner's genus is, of course, heterotypical, and, in its broad 



lines, is clearly intended to include the Pseudosphingids, to 



which H. pinastri 'is here referred; however, in 1835, Stephens placed 



[Illus., iv., app. p. 5) pinastri as the British exponent of Hiibner's genus 



Hyloicus, and again, in 1850, in his List of the Specimens of British 



Animals in the Collection of the British Museum, pt. v, he follows this 



synonymy, and Grote, Butler, and other authors have since adopted 



this view. Weismann fully supports the separation of Hyloicus from the 



other Sphingine groups {Studies in the Theory of Descent, transl. p. 



264), stating that the separation of this genus from Sphinx appears to 



be justified, not because of the striking differences presented by the 



