280 BRITISH LEPiftOPtERA. 



visible. The dark form is most frequent in Japan, but in Pryer's 

 collection there is one example of H. piiiastri which has a pale 

 grey ground colour, clouded with darker, and with strong and 

 sharply defined markings. This is one of three examples labelled 

 no. 1 6, and noted as occurring, newly emerged, on stems of yew- 

 trees. . . . Distribution, Yokohama (Jonas and Pryer) ; Naga- 

 hama, Tsuruga, Fushiki, Ningpo (Leech)." Fletcher writes (in 

 litt.) : " I have only once met with this species, August 6th, 

 1898, when I got a fine specimen at rest on a fir-tree on the Bluff 

 at Yokohama. It was seven or eight feet from the ground on the 

 north side of the tree." We cannot altogether understand Leech's 

 remarks above. At the present time Pryer's and Leech's examples are 

 all in the British Museum collection. Not only is the ground 

 colour of the eastern (Japanese and Chinese) race characteristically 

 different from all other forms represented, but the coppery tint in 

 the dark ground colour of the wings, the dark, almost unicolorous, 

 thorax and abdomen, the ill-developed markings and smaller 

 size give this race a most marked facies. The palest of Pryer's ex- 

 amples in no way approaches the European form. We may point out 

 that the caligineus form exhibits, inter se, much aberrational variation ; 

 thus we have: (1) Unicolorous grey, with two faint coppery-tinged 

 transverse lines. (2) As in 1, but with white median discal spots. 

 (3) Unicolorous grey, with slight coppery tinge, with the three 

 typical lineolae. (4) As in 3, but also with indistinct transverse 

 shades. (5) Unicolorous grey, with the three typical lineolae, 

 and with distinct transverse shades. The examples now in the 

 British Museum collection came from Tokei, Fushiki, Nagahama, 

 Kiushiu, Ningpo and Tsuruga. 



Egglaying. — The eggs are laid singly on the needles of the 

 pine in June and July (Roesel), but, although this may be so generally, 

 sometimes little groups of from two to a dozen are laid together, 

 the 5 resting for oviposition and not performing the operation on 

 the wing, the eggs being laid almost as soon as copulation is 

 completed (Head , and Werneburg also notes that the eggs are laid 

 irregularly in small groups of from 10-15 on the sides of the pine- 

 needles, mostly at the top of the stems. Hartig records that the egg 

 stage generally lasts from 10-14 days. Head forwarded us some eggs 

 that had been deposited in confinement on July 6th, and these 

 hatched July 1 8th- 19th, 1901 ; Oldaker records ova that hatched 

 July 13th, 1 90 1, whilst Buckler received some from Heyne of 

 Leipzig on July 26th, 1882, that hatched between July 29th and 

 August 2nd. 



Ovum. — Rather over 2mm. in length and 175mm. in width. 

 In outline an almost perfect oval, the micropylar end being slightly 

 broader and rounder than the opposite end. The surface is almost 

 smooth, with a faint reticulation developing into a more marked, 

 but still superficial, irregular polygonal network towards the 

 micropylar end, the cells or areas becoming very distinctly defined 

 the nearer one approaches the micropyle ; they are also fairly well- 

 developed at its nadir. On the upper-surface, towards the micropylar 

 end, a small somewhat shallow depression of oval or circular outline. 

 Colour bright green, distinctly brown towards the micropylar end (ap- 

 parently the head of developing larva), this brown area being yellowish, 



