HYLOICUS PINASTRI. 28 3 



from its position to be iv, but, judging by analogy with other species, 

 is probably v ; on the prothorax the prespiracular seta (v) appears to 

 be duplicated and both setae are situated on the same chitinous 

 plate ; the dorsal tubercles are, as usual, arranged in two transverse 

 rows, one on the anterior, the other on the posterior, margin of 

 the scutellar plate ; vi is present beneath the lateral flange. The 

 surface of the head rather granular; the pale areas thereon mottled 

 or tesselated with dark colour [Bacot. July 20th, 1901]. Before 

 the first moult, the larva is yellowish-brown with a broad brownish 

 dorsal stripe, light-margined on either side, and with a short black 

 horn ; a yellowish stripe runs across the brown legs, whilst, at 

 the sides of the dorsum, is a line of the same colour ; head margined 

 with blackish-brown (Bartel, Pal. Gross-Schmett., ii., p. 48). First 

 instar:- The young larva (emerged from egg July 29th, 1882) was 

 of a light greenish-ochreous, with the two lobes of the head broadly 

 marked with dull black-brown; the anterior legs were black, the 

 ventral prolegs were barred outside with dark brown just above 

 the feet, the caudal horn, which was a little flattened and slightly 

 bifurcate at the tip, was dull brownish-black ; a faint brownish 

 dorsal line was just visible. After feeding for two or three days 

 on Finus, the body became greener and showed faintly paler green sub- 

 dorsal lines and a faint yellowish spiracular line. On August 5th, some 

 of the larvae were laid up to moult, their skins shining green, with 

 the front edge of the second segment pale cream colour, in striking 

 contrast to their copper-coloured heads, marked with blackish on 

 each lobe. Second instar : On August 6th one had accomplished 

 its first moult ; its head, which was very similar in shape to that 

 of the larva of a Smerinthid, was now of a pale green, marked 

 with a black streak down each lobe from the apex of the crown, 

 the black streaks shortly afterwards were margined externally 

 with yellow streaks, the upper lip outlined with black and the 

 mouth black ; the body was green, the back being of a deeper green 

 than the sides, with subdorsal lines of whitish-green, and with 

 a fine whitish-green lateral line followed by a stripe of the same 

 deep green colour as the back, which blends a little below into a 

 yellowish whitish-green spiracular stripe, that is abruptly contrasted 

 beneath by the deep-green belly ; the black caudal horn on the 

 twelfth segment was of the same shape as before ; all the legs 

 as before. By August 9th several of the larvae had grown to be 

 14mm. long. Third instar: On August 12th several had moulted 

 the second time ; the green colour was full and bright, the pale 

 yellow lines were of about equal stoutness, the spiracular line 

 being just the least degree the stouter, the yellow stripes on each 

 side of the head were bright, edging the black stripes ; the caudal 

 horn was reddish-brown and glossy, with the tip black, slightly 

 bifurcate and flattened ; the larvae at this time no longer ate 

 along the side of a needle-leaf, but attacked it from the end, biting 

 it quite through, and thus continued to munch, gradually stepping 

 backwards as they shortened the needle, till the needle was consumed 

 close up to the sheath at the twig or stem. Fourth instar : Between 

 August 1 6th and 18th several of the larvae had moulted the third 

 time. The spiracular line was now a little interrupted at the 

 end of each segment ; the head, the anterior legs and ventral 



