296 BklTiSH LE£IDOPT£Ra. 



Fiumalbo (Fiori), Orta Novarese, Sacro Monte, Varallo, common (Lowe). 

 Netherlands : all provinces (Snellen), Breda, rather common (Heylaerts). 

 Roumania : rare, contined to mountain regions — Kloster Neamtz, Comanesti 

 (Caradja). Russia : Baltic provinces (Sintenis), Moscow govt. (Albrecht), Volga 

 district — Kasan, not rare (Eversmann), Transcaucasia — Borjom, Tiflis, Manglis 

 (Romanoff), St. Petersburg, common (Erschoff), Baltic provinces, throughout 

 (Nolcken), Livonia — Dorpat, Neu-Kasseritz, near Werro (teste Bartel), Gorki, 

 Poland, Jekaterinoslav and Charkov district, Ural district, Caucasus (teste Bartel). 

 Scandinavia : distributed, not rare (Aurivillius), woods of Lapland, mid-Sweden, 

 Gothland, frequent, northern Scania (Zetterstedt), southern Norway, ""pretty common 

 (Siebke), Hofby (Thedenius), Sweden — south and central, rare in north, Norway — 

 south and east, ? Finmark (Lampa). Spain : Barcelona— Moncada (Cum y 

 Martorell), Catalonia (Martorell y Peiia), Albarracin district — Tragacete (Chapman). 

 Switzerland: in the pine forests, up to 5000ft. in the Gadmenthal (Ratzerj, 

 Grisons — Chur, Flims, Bergell (Killias), Basle, Bechburg, common (Riggenbach- 

 Stehlin), Berne (Hiltbold), Aigle (Lowe), St. Gallen, somewhat common (Taschler), 

 Zurich, rare (Zeller), Winterthur, not rare (Biedermann), Bremgaiteu, not rare 

 (Boll), Aargau, everywhere - Born, Belchen, Jiauenstein, southern side of Pilatus 

 (Wullschlegel), Neuenstadt (Couleru), Schiipfen, rare (Rothenbach). 



Tribe : Sphingidi. 

 Genus : Sphinx, Linne. 



Synonymy. — Genus: Sphinx, Linn., " Syst. Nat.," xth ed., p. 490 (1758); 

 xiith ed., p. 799 (1767); "Fn. Suec," ed. 2, p. 287 ( 1761) ; Scop., " Ent. Carn.," 

 p. 185 (1763); Mull., "Fn. Frid.," p. 37 (1764); Hfn., " Berl. Mag.," ii., p. 178 

 (1766); Fb., "Syst. Ent.,'' p. 545 (1775); "Spec. Ins.," ii., p. 150 (1781); 

 "Mant. Ins.," ii., p. 97 (1787); "Ent. Syst.," hi., pt. 1, p. 374 (1793) J 

 ''111. Mag.," vi., p. 288 (1807); [Schiff.,] " Schmett. Wien," 1st ed., p. 41 

 (1775); 2nd ed., p. 9 (1801); Esp., "Schmett. Eur.," ii., p. 61, pi. vi., 

 tigs. I — 3(1779); p- 226, pi. xxxvi., cont. ix., fig. 7 (1787) ; Bergstr., " Sphing. 

 Eur. Larv.," p. 6 (1782); Bkh., " Sys. Besch.,"' ii., p. 94 (1789); [F. J. A. D.,] 

 " Bork. Rhein. Mag.," p. 317 (1793); -Hb., "Eur. Schmett.," pi. xiv., fig. 69, 

 148 {circ. U'oo) ; text pp. 98—99 (circ. 1805); "Larvae Lep.," ii., Legit. C. c. 2 

 (circ. 1800); Schrk., "Faun. Boica," ii., pt. 1, p. 224 (1801) ; Haw., "Lep. 

 Brit.," p. 59 (1803) ; Latr., "Hist. Nat.," xiv., p. 130 (1805); " Gen. Crust.," iv., 

 p. 210 (1809); Ochs., "Die Schmett.," ii., p. 240 (1808); iv., p. 44 (1816) ; 

 Leach, " Edinb. Enc," ix., p. 131 (1815) ; Dalm., " K. Vet. Ak. Handl.," p. 213 

 (1816); Sam., "Ent. Conrp.," p. 244 (1819) ; Godt., "Hist. Nat.," hi., p. 22, 

 pi. xv (1820) ; Stphs., "111. Haust.," i., p. 121 (1828); "Cat. Br. Ins.," pt. ii., 

 p. 32 (1829); Meig., "Eur. Schmett.," ii., p. 142 (1830); Bdw, "Eur. Lep. 

 Ind. Meth.," p. 33 (1829); "Gen. et Ind. Meth.," p. 48 (1840); "Spec. Gen. 

 Het.," i., p. 96 (1875) ; Dup., " Hist Nat.," supp. ii., p. 157 (1835) ; " Icon. Chen.," 

 pi. i., fig-. 1 (circ. 1840); "Cat. Meth.," p. 41 (1844); Wood, "Ind. Ent.." 

 fig. 12 "(1839): Westd., "Gen. Synop.," p. 88(1840); Humph. & Westd., 

 "Brit. Moths," p. 13(1841); Evers.,' "Faun. Yolg.-Ural.," pp. 108, 112 (1844); 

 Assmn., " Schmett. Schles.," ii., p. 38, pi. xv., figs. 40 a— e (1845); Herr.-Sch., 

 "Syst. Bearb.," ii., p. 90 (1846); Heydenr., "Cat. Lep. Eur.," p. 18 (1851); 

 Walk., " List," viii., p. 214 (1856) ; Sta., " Man.," i., p. 90 (1857) ; Spever, " Geog. 

 Verb.," i., p. 322 (1858; ; ii., p. 28(1862); Hein., " Schmett. Deutsch.," p. 147(1859); 

 Humph., "Gen. Brit. Moths," p. 9 (i860); Staud., "Cat.," ed. 1, p. lb (1861) ; 

 ed. ii., p. 36 (1871); ed. hi., p. 100(1901); Wallgrn., " Skand. Hot.," p. 32 



Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," vii., p. no (1875); Kirby, "Eur. Butts, and Moths," 

 p. 69(1879); "Cat.," p. 692 (1892); "Handbook," &c, iv., p. 48 (1897) ; Frey, 

 "Lep. Schweiz," p. 56 (1880) ; Buckl., "Larvae," &c, ii., p. no, pi. xii., fig. 

 2 (1887) ; Auriv., " Nord. Fjar.," p. 45 (1889); Meyr., "Handbk.," p. 298 (1895); 

 Barr., "Lep. Biit.," p. 31 (189s); Lucas, "Brit. Hawk-Moths," p. 74 (1895); 

 Tutt, < l Brit. Moths," p. 25 (1896); Bartel, " Pahvark. Gross- Schmett.," ii., p. 

 43 ( l8 99)- Spins, Rudolph, " Handbuch," p. 81 (1766). Spectrum, Scop., 

 " Introd.' Hist. Nat.," p. 413 U777)- Herse, Oken, " Lchrb. Zoo!.," i., p. 762 

 (1815). Lethia, Hb., " Vcrz.," }). 141 (circ. 1822); Stephs.. " Illus. Haust.," 

 iv., app. p. 5 (1835); "List Brit. An. Brit. Mus.," v., p. 27 (1850). Manduca^ 



