SPHINX LIGUSTRI. 311 



those that enter into the 8th stripe and indistinct line above the 

 subdorsal on the thoracic segments. This line is whiter than the 

 other markings, which are yellowish-white (see, loc. cit., pi. vii., 

 fig. S). Minute hairs still * terminate the shagreen-dots, whether 

 arranged in lines or covering the surface of the body. (This fact is 

 true of the dots whenever they appear in any stage.) The margins 

 of the claspers, tips of true legs, and spiracles have a pinkish tinge. 

 The horn is pink immediately after the change of skin, but it soon 

 darkens and possesses a brownish-red ground-colour, covered with 

 dark tubercles (shagreen-dots) pointing upwards and terminated by 

 minute hairs ; the apical pair is arranged so as to cause a bifid ter- 

 mination, but this is not nearly so distinct as in the last stage ; 

 on each side of the base the ground-colour of the horn is free from 

 tubercles and hence appears as a brownish-red continuation of the 

 7th oblique stripe ; the horn is movable, and is sometimes depressed, 

 so as to become parallel with the line of the back, while at other 

 times it is elevated to the usual position of an angle of 45 . (The 

 same thing occurs in the first stage.) The head is shagreened 

 and shows indications of its ultimate appearance in the occurrence 

 of a white marginal line round the face. In this stage the oblique 

 stripes are very distinct, and the subdorsal indistinct except anteriorly. 

 The length of a fullgrown larva, comfortably stretched at rest, in 

 this instar is about 18mm. This stage lasted about 9 days. Third 

 instar: After the second ecdysis, the larvae very much resemble those of 

 the previous stage. The chief difference is in the subdorsal, which has 

 disappeared, except anteriorly, and is indistinct even where it is 

 retained. The horizontal stripe above the subdorsal is distinct, 

 and so are the prominent white spots on the thoracic segments 

 (one pair on each). This line has the same relation to the 8th 

 stripe, but the continuity is only apparent, for careful observation 

 shows that the latter extends below the posterior extremity of the 

 former. (This is also true of the previous stages.) At this time, 

 and in the second instar, the larva bears the closest resemblance 

 to a Smerinthid larva in every respect, except the dark colour of 

 the horn and the shape of the head. There is still a trace of 

 the bifid termination to the horn (see, loc. cit., pi. vii., fig. 10). 

 Shortly after ecdysis the colours darken in certain parts ; the pink 

 horn becomes dark brown with black tubercles, as before, the effect 

 being nearly black, except at the sides of the base. A black cloud 

 appears on the side of the head and extends downwards behind 

 the yellow line at the margin of the face ; there is, however, much 

 variability in this respect, some larvae having no trace of black on 

 the head. The spiracles are ochreous as in the adult, but more 

 faintly. The true legs become red, and a dark purplish margin 

 appears round the claspers. The anal flap has a white margin. 

 The ground-colour is yellowish-green above, darker green below, 

 and this latter extends upwards in front of the oblique stripes as 

 a dark shading for one-third of their length, but the depth of colour 

 is very variable. The shagreen-dots are yellowish-white, those 

 forming the stripes being much larger and whiter than the others ; 

 at first, the component dots of the stripes are distinctly separate, 



* Both the minute hairs and shagreen-dots (except on the caudal horn) first 

 become structural features in this instar. 



