SPHINX LIGUSTRI. 319 



end of wings and are similarly ridged, the dimensions of horn have 

 already been given. It arises from a triangular area, similar to 

 that seen in many pupae where the bases of the maxillae extend up 

 between the cheeks, below it the maxillae extend laterally beneath the 

 cheeks almost to the glazed eyes. Apart trom the maxillary horn, which 

 is no larger at its base than elsewhere, the maxillae have quite an 

 ordinary level aspect, no trace of keeling as in Eumorphids. The 

 prothorax is finely but roughly wrinkled in a labyrinthine manner. 

 The mesothorax has the wrinkles larger and smoother, running 

 transversely but with breaks and anastomoses. In some individuals 

 there is a very definite suture down the dorsal line of the pro- and meta- 

 thorax, looking as if it must be functional ; in a majority of pupae this 

 suture is easily seen, but looks more or less obsolete, in a few it is 

 almost absent. In one specimen, for instance, there is no trace of it on 

 prothorax, but it is fairly indicated on anterior half of mesothorax. 

 It is not uncommon for a similar suture-like depressed line to 

 occur on the dorsum of the 4th and 5th abdominal segments, with 

 traces of it on others. There is a sort of central point in the 

 wrinkling about two-thirds from the anterior margin of the mesothorax. 

 The wing-base is marked off by a smooth suture-like line, beginning 

 in a few (three or four) longitudinal wrinkles a little nearer dorsum 

 than antenna ; over the wing-base the wrinkles are marked out 

 into small definite regions, which may indicate patagia or parts 

 of the details of the wing articulation. Where the wing nervures start 

 is very prominent and marked by a few small tubercles, or separated 

 points of the wrinkling. The wings have transverse wrinklings 

 well marked basally, but, smoothing out, ill-defined and irregular 

 towards the hind margin. Eight nervures are obvious as raised above 

 the general surface, any others are lost in the costal thickening. 

 Poulton's line is a fine impressed line beyond which there is fine 

 uniform wrinkling, the breadth being about o - 6mm. The costal 

 thickening is really the raising of the wing-surface by the 3rd pair 

 of legs underneath, at least very largely, in some specimens they 

 reach almost to hind margin, in others a drop in the wing-surface 

 shows they fall short, sometimes by a couple of millimeters. The 

 prothoracic spiracle is a narrow slit with rather dark margins. The 

 metathorax is a much reduced piece, 10mm. across, about 1*2 mm. 

 long dorsally, and 2'omm. near its margin, with the hindwing, marked 

 off by a suture, extending down from it as a very narrow slip, 0*3 mm. 

 wide, opposite spiracle of 2nd abdominal and 07mm. opposite next 

 incision and terminating opposite the 3rd abdominal spiracle. Poulton's 

 line is fairly indicated along this inner margin of hindwing. 

 The surface of the metathorax shows a dorsal raised ridge 

 and two, transverse, raised ridges extending out from this 

 for about 2"omm. . (the callosities of Mandnca, many Sphinges 

 etc.) Laterally the intersegmental subsegment is well seen, 

 the rest of the segment has the usual wrinkles (transverse). 

 The sculpturing of the abdominal segments is as usual difficult to 

 describe. It is not easy to say whether it should be called 

 wrinkling or pitting. On the 8th, and probably the 7th, it may be 

 called pitting without much error. This becomes gradually modified 

 into wrinkling as one progresses to the anterior segments. Of each 

 segment, however, the basal portion is that whose sculpture is 



