320 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



rather pitting than wrinkling. As to subsegmentation, the inter- 

 segmental subsegment is broadest and plainest laterally, it is very 

 narrow dorsally, laterally it is much smoother than the rest of the 

 segment. Other subsegmentation is only clearly visible, dorsally, and 

 varies in distinctness in different pupae. There is an anterior subsegment, 

 rather the broadest, and then two of about equal width, and behind 

 this there is sometimes an indication of another besides the 

 intersegmental one. On the 4th, 5th and 6th abdominal segments, 

 immediately in front of the spiracle and extending from it dorsally 

 (about 5mm.), is a sharp ridge, with a smooth surface in front of 

 it, which is terminated by another straight line close to the edge 

 of the segment. The scar of prolegs (on 5th and 6th) is always 

 present, but varies much in its character — it may be a smoother 

 area with radiating wrinkles, it may present stronger concentric 

 wrinkles, usually it is somewhat depressed. It may be slightly 

 raised with a central foveola and strong wrinkles around. The 

 scar of horn on the 8th abdominal segment is usually a small, definite, 

 smooth tubercle, or it may be a larger but less definite elevation. There 

 is always a hollow behind it (impress of bent larval horn when awaiting 

 pupation). The anal spike is strongly wrinkled and does not 

 taper much for first § rds of its length ; here are two latero-dorsal 

 spines, more or less distinct ; beyond this it is smoother, tapers 

 rapidly and ends in a double spine. In the $ pupa, the tubercles 

 are very marked, symmetrical, and are on the posterior border of the 

 segment, usually projecting behind it and leaving fths of the segment 

 in front of them unoccupied, this space, however, is smooth, and 

 there is a tendency to smooth out the incision in front up to the 8th 

 segment. These tubercles vary a little, each, usually, has a smooth 

 reniform area lateral to and behind it, and they may be a little 

 irregular as to symmetry. The female tubercles are almost exactly 

 like those of the $ in size and prominence in some instances, in most they 

 are flattened down and almost obsolete, the central pore is always 

 indicated as a longitudinal impressed line, the 9th segment is 

 prolonged up to this point, indeed, the 10th appears to be, the 

 incisions bending forwards and becoming obsolete. No posterior 

 pore is indicated. In both sexes the anal scar is a longitudinal 

 groove, with lateral ridges or wrinkles filling up an oval area, 2mm. 

 long, 1 '6mm. across. The general form of the posterior extremity 

 of the pupa is indicated by the measurements given. It tapers 

 with some regularity till a diameter of about 4mm. is reached, and 

 then the pupa ends abruptly, except that on the dorsal margin the 

 anal spike arises. In a few specimens, the anal area, usually 

 terminal, is more ventral, and then the tapering is more gradual. 

 The spiracles are slits nearly imm, long in darker depressed oval 

 areas, with fine raised margins, and with one or more inter- 

 mediate lines between the spiracle and the margin. Viewed 

 microscopically, the first spiracle has no fringed or spiculated 

 margin. The prothorax has a good many minute hairs, the meso- 

 thorax only one or two, whilst the metathorax has four very definitely 

 placed, as though they were the ordinary tubercles. On the ab- 

 dominal segments these hairs are most abundant near the spiracles, 

 elsewhere very scarce. The prespiracular flange has a 1st dark 

 ridge above spiracle, then a second nearly as strong, the area between 



