366 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



structure ; the bulbous extremity is smooth and polished, as is 

 the remainder of the maxillae. The legs are transversely wrinkled, 

 but the wrinkles are so smooth and flattened that they are quite 

 polished. The antennae have transverse lines marking the segments, 

 about 63 in number. Apically the segments are polished, thence 

 basally they have first a point at the centre of the distal margin, 

 whilst to this is gradually added a rough point or two and some fine 

 longitudinal ridges along the distal margin. The prothorax has 

 a central suture that almost looks functional ; the wrinklings radiate 

 from the centre of each half, and are flat and polished. The 

 mesothorax presents no trace of suture, but there are the usual smooth 

 depressed lines (marking off patagia ?) ; the wrinklings are transverse, 

 absolutely so across the middle line, except for two apparent centres 

 towards the hind margin — anastomosing and broken into islets laterally, 

 all very low, smooth and flat, but sufficient to prevent the surface 

 being described simply as polished. The wing-bases are equally 

 polished, the wrinklings larger, flatter, and more irregular, with one 

 distinct little round tubercle, about opposite the middle of the antenna 

 and 2mm. from it. The wings are smooth, polished, the wrinkling being 

 obscured and as if rubbed out ; the nervures stand up as rounded 

 ridges, the demarcation of Poulton's line is also very obscure, but quite 

 determinable. The metathorax has a central ridge and a callosity* on 

 either side nearly 4mm. long. It is formed of very fine closely packed 

 ridges, that may be margins of circular pits crushed together. It is of 

 a much finer texture than that of Manduca atropos. Outside this 

 the segment is polished, like paper or cloth badly smoothed out 

 rather than wrinkled. The hindwings just show Poulton's line, 

 and do not quite reach to the spiracle on the 3rd abdominal segment. 

 The abdominal segments show more or less of an impressed dorsal line 

 or groove, the anterior ones some subsegmentation, a broad anterior 

 ridge, three narrower ones and the intersegmental one posteriorly. The 

 first of these exists on nearly all the segments and is very special in 



* In connection with the callosities on the pupae of the higher true Sphinges 

 (including Manduca), it may be noted that the imagines of these possess, on 

 the thorax, a remarkable and special crest or tuft of scales, that does not appear 

 to be present in other branches of Sphingides in which the pupal callosity is 

 absent. This tuft is well seen in both A. convolvuli and M. atropos. In A. convolvuli, 

 where the thoracic scales adjoin the abdominal, are two eye-like spots, which 

 might at first be supposed to belong to the abdomen, since the forward pink 

 abdominal stripe is lateral to them, rather than behind them. The scales of these 

 eye-spots stand up above those of the abdomen as a definite raised margin or 

 crest. They often present a complete black ring, with centrally grey scales like 

 those of the thoracic disc. It is, however, more usual for the centre to be con- 

 tinuous with the thoracic disc, the posterior black border (often containing a 

 few white and pink scales) is, however, always well-marked and always stands 

 up well above the adjacent abdominal scales. It is this black border that arises 

 from the metathorax, just from the area corresponding with the pupal callosity, as 

 may be easily seen by removing the central grey portion which arises from the 

 mesothorax. At first sight, looking at the pupa and the imago together, one 

 would take the white eye-spot with its central grey pupil and outer and anterior 

 black margin to correspond with the pupal callosity, this is not so, however, only 

 the posterior black margin is metathoracic, and this, no doubt, has the same form 

 as the pupal callosity, dwindling centrally, wide laterally, where it terminates 

 abruptly. Being still in the dark as to the use of the eye-spot in the imago or 

 of the pupal callosity, it is only possible to note the curious coincidence, without 

 asserting that they have any causal association. 



