426 



BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



&c, obviously provided for the easier accommodation of the great 

 curved horn. The measurements ( $ pupa) are : — 





LENGTH 



ANTERO- 



DORSAL 



VENTRAL 



TRANSVERSE 



r>TAMTrT*Jo 



MEASUREMENTS AT 



FROM 



POSTERIOR 



OF 



OF 





FRONT. 



DIAMETER. 



AXIS. 



AXIS. 



jj 1 a i>i r 





Prominence in front of 

























3'Omm. 



o/omm. 



2* omm. 



7 •omm. 



10 •omm. 



Outer angle of maxilla. . 



6-o 



5) 



13-0 



5) 



5-o 



55 



8-o 



>) 



II'O 



it 





io-o 



55 



14-0 



55 



6-5 



55 



7*5 



11 



14-0 



;> 



End of 1st tibia (promin- 

























12-0 



55 



14*0 



)) 



7-0 



55 



7-0 



j > 



15*5 



>5 



Middle of wing-base 



14-0 



55 



15-0 



55 



8-o 



55 



7-0 



i) 



i6-s 



5J 



End of antenna (top 























of mesothorax) 



18-0 



55 



15-0 



55 



9/0 



55 



6-o 



5) 



18-0 



)J 



End of ist leg (thor.- 























abl. incision) 



22'5 



5> 



I5-5 



55 



8-5 



55 



7-0 



)> 



18-0 



55 



End of 2nd leg (2-3 























abl. incision) 



31-0 



55 



17-5 



5 5 



9-0 



55 



8-5 



>) 



18-0 



55 



End of wing and maxilla 



40*0 



55 



I7-S 



55 



8'5 



55 



9-0 



5 J 



18-0 



55 



Spiracle 5th abl. segment 



45-° 



55 



15-5 



55 



7-8 



55 



7'7 



JJ 



17*5 



55 



,, 6th ,, „ 



51-0 



5) 



15-0 



55 



7'4 



') 



7-6 



>» 



16-0 



55 



, 5 7 tn . v t, 



56-5 



) 1 



12-5 



5 5 



6-3 



55 



6-2 



') 



13-0 



55 



Obsolete spiracle of 8th 























abl. segment 



58-0 



55 



IO'O 



55 



4-2 



55 



5-8 



J) 



10-5 



55 





62-0 



55 



6-o 



55 



2*2 



5) 



3-8 



J) 



7-0 



55 



Base of anal spine 



64-0 



55 



2'5 



) J 



2'0 



J' 



o-5 



) ) 



4-0 



55 



Extreme length r= 



68-o 



5> 



















This length would vary according to the extension of the free 

 incisions. A comparison of the columns 3 and 6 gives a measure 

 of the amount of the flattening and its distribution. The measure- 

 ments would, no doubt, be more luminous if they could be referred 

 to an axial line. An attempt to do this is made in columns 4 and 

 5, where the measurements in column 3 are divided into those 

 dorsal and those ventral to an axial line or rather plane drawn from 

 the ventral margin of the antennal attachments, and continued down 

 through the centres of the spiracles of the 4th abdominal segment, 

 the movable segments being placed with their spiracles medially on 

 the plane, the pupa looking in this way in a normal attitude. Of 

 course, a different position of the ventral segments would alter the 

 measurements referring to them. The measurements were made by 

 fixing the pupa on its side with a line beneath it, and another (by 

 a stretched thread) above, fixing a plane, the supposed axis being 

 where the medial plane crosses this. These figures show bending 

 ventrally in first three measurements (head and prothorax), an average 

 position just behind this, a dorsal prominence thence to end of 2nd 

 lee:, the venter slightly predominating again at the end of wings, 

 segments predominate ventrally, though the axis 

 as to make the anal spine almost entirely 

 measures are fairly accurate and are not difficult 



so large a pupa without any special apparatus. 



extremity of the pupa is about the middle of the 



The abdominal 

 is chosen so 

 dorsal. These 

 to make on 

 The anterior 



receding 



epicranium, from this point it slopes forwards about 3mm 

 about 1 mm. to the labral margin, dorsally it recedes 3mm. or 4mm. 

 in the same distance. The labrum is square against the maxillae 

 and has two faint tubercles. A suture extends upwards from its 



