MANDUCA ATROPOS. 427 



angles probably marking off (so far) the clypeus ; the anterior 

 convexity of the head terminates laterally in a prominence in front 

 of the glazed eye, bending round here and keeping the head of 

 hardly increasing diameter across the glazed eye to the ist leg, 

 the glazed eye points almost directly anteriorly, the epicranial 

 angles near mandible show several small tubercles. The sculp- 

 turing of head is labyrinthine (or like cerebral convolutions), but 

 so pressed down and flat as to give a smooth surface and only 

 shows the sculpture by a network of fine lines. The proboscis has 

 a considerable prominence near its origin standing up as a rounded 

 keel till about 6mm. from its origin, where it is the most prominent 

 part of the front of the pupa; at first narrow between the cheeks, 

 it then widens out and forms an angle where the ist leg meets 

 the eye ; either side measures 7mm. from middle line to angle, 

 but sloping backwards, it is only some iomm.-i imm. from angle to 

 angle; it proceeds, gradually narrowing, to wing apex, some 40mm. 

 The greater part of the maxillae is very smooth, though fine lines 

 representing sculpture may be seen with a lens. The basal 7mm. or 

 8mm., however, are marked by very strong transverse ridges so as 

 to be almost like a file. These probably represent the similar 

 rugae which usually clothe the proboscis-case of Sphingidi, 

 which no doubt existed here in the Manducine ancestor. This 

 rough area is always present but varies a good deal in its extent, 

 an item no doubt supporting the view that it represents the lost 

 ancestral horn. The antennae show every joint very distinctly, 

 although they are very smooth and polished. Each joint has a 

 basal smooth, and a distal finely striated, portion ; just against the 

 ist spiracle the margin is a little widened and is occupied by 

 irregularly marked areas. Basal to the antennae there is marked 

 off a triangular area on the dorsum of the head, with two tubercles 

 and a definite sculpturing. The glazed eye is an uniform smooth 

 area, with its anterior convex margin "glazed" and, beyond this, 

 a narrow band with radiating sculpture. The prothorax has a 

 central suture (functional on dehiscence) and sculpturing so fine 

 that, without a lens, it has little other effect than to make the surface 

 dull, instead of polished, the fine lines are, in some degree, 

 concentric to a point about the middle of each side and another 

 dorsal near the hind margin. The ist spiracle is nearly 4mm. long 

 (i.e., the surface opening), the posterior margin projects over it as 

 a narrow smooth margin, looking like a lid just raised from the 

 aperture. The first legs have an equal margin against eye and 

 antennae, are wide (4-5111111.) and large, and have an elbowed 

 projection (at end of tibia ?). Between them and the maxillae is a fusi- 

 form strip, 8mm. long and imm. wide at middle, the ist femur. The 

 2nd leg is narrower than the first (3mm.); the sculpturing of the 

 legs is in very fine lines only to be seen with a lens. The mesothorax 

 and wings are very smooth, but there is some appreciable sculp- 

 turing dorsally — in transverse labyrinthine wrinkling, and there is a 

 dorsal suture, not functional, and usually much obscured. There is the 

 smooth subdorsal suture, marking off the wing-bases (inner line of 

 patagia), the sculpturing of wing-bases is abundant and complex, but 

 exceedingly smoothed down and not easily appreciated without a lens. 

 The wings, smooth as they are, are very beautifully and regularly, though 



