480 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



(Chapman). Poulton describes and figures {Ext. Morph. Lep. Pupa, pp. 

 204-205, pi. xx., figs. 15-19) the terminal abdominal segments of the 

 pupa of this species. Fig. 15 ( X 9) shows " the median ventral part of 

 the last three segments of a 2 pupa. Both generative openings 

 are distinctly visible in this individual ; the opening of the oviducts 

 is large and surrounded by a thickened V-shaped lip. It is placed 

 in front of the apex of the median prolongation of the 10th abdominal, 

 and appears to be clearly situated in an anterior median extension 

 of the 9th abdominal segment. The opening into the bursa copu- 

 latrix is immediately in front of the other aperture, but separated 

 from it by the boundary between the 8th and 9th abdominal 

 segments. The opening extends forward as a narrow median slit 

 as far as the anterior boundary of the 8th abdominal. The anus 

 (A) is distinct on the 10th abdominal. The sculpture on the surface 

 of the pupa, and the various wrinkles, &c, are carefully copied in 

 the figure. These details required for their elucidation the most 

 careful examination of an especially favourable individual in a very 

 strong light. The general resemblance of the generative apertures 

 to those of a well-marked individual of Cossus cossus (ligniperda) is 

 very striking (figs. 27, 29). Fig. 16 exhibits the last three segments 

 of a $ pupa seen from the ventral aspect, and of natural size. The 

 generative apertures could not be made out without magni- 

 fication but the median prolongation was very distinct, far more so 

 than in the last figure. In front of the anus (A), at the base of the 

 median prolongation, there is the deceptive appearance of an opening 

 with lips, due to wrinkles in the pupal case. The true generative open- 

 ings never assume so posterior a position. In fig. 15 the true nature 

 of the marking is apparent. Fig. 17 (x 9) represents the median 

 ventral area of the 9th and the anterior part of the 10th abdominal 

 segment of a $ pupa. The figure hardly needs description as the $ 

 organs are quite typical. The lateral tubercles are roundish and some- 

 what flattened. The sculpture of the surface is represented. The exact 

 relation of the $ organ to the boundary between the 9th and 10th 

 abdominal segments varies greatly in different species (compare 

 figs, n, 20, 21, 23). Fig. 18 represents, of natural size, the last three 

 segments of a $ pupa seen from the ventral aspect, and shows the 

 appearance of the $ organ when looked at without magnification. 

 Fig. 19 (X 2) exhibits the median ventral area of the 9th and the 

 anterior part of the 10th abdominal segments of the pupa represented 

 in the last figure (18), showing the form of the $ organs with greater 

 distinctness. The three minute pits in front of the reproductive organ 

 are probably merely an accidental conformation of the cuticle, for 

 they are not found in other individuals (compare fig. 17)." Two 

 puprc measured respectively 60mm. and 70mm. in length. The 

 figure of the pupa is somewhat elongated, fairly cylindrical, 

 the head and eyes rather projecting, the outline of the 

 back sloping up gently to the thorax, and then going nearly 

 on a level except the segmental folds, to the 3rd segment from 

 the tail, whence there is a rapid slope ; on the underside 

 the thorax is somewhat hollowed out and the wingcases swell 

 out a little. The segments of the abdomen are well-marked ; 

 the tail ends in a large, thick, flattish, rough spike, with two 

 very short, stout spines. The skin is glossy but somewhat sha- 



