MANDUCA ATROPOS. 433 



Rubia tinctoria^ cabbage (Pabst), Solatium sodomaeum (Walker), Sesamitm 

 orientate (Lewis), Convallaria majalis, Dancus carota (Macho- Velado), 

 Phitadelphus (Riihl), Cannabis sativa (Kranz), Euonymus europaeus 

 (Ochsenheimer), apple (Moss), dock and plantain (J. A. Clark), privet 

 (Routledge), Solatium persicum (Christoph), nettle (Kleemann), Rata 

 graveolens, nettle (Stone, Ent. Wk. Int., iv., p. 147), chrysanthemum, 

 olive (Powell), dogwood (Jones), Olea europaea (Calberla), Lonicera capri- 

 foliuni (Hufnagel), prefers hemp to potato (Kiihn), Pyrns communis 

 (Scopoli), Solatium nigrum i,Cardano), Solatium melotigetia, Lycium 

 europaeum, Zygophyllutn fab ago, Fragaria vesca, Sambucus nigra 

 Erigeron canadensis, Syringa vulgaris, Jasminum gratidiflorutn, Catalpa 

 syringae folia, Big/ionia catalpa (teste Bartel), Faba vulgaris (Boisduval), 

 snowberry (Lighton), Buxia grandiflora (Trimen), Vitex agnus-castus 

 (Rosel), Atropa belladonna, Lonicera periclymenum, mulberry, pear, 

 strawberry (teste Newman). [Bartel notes that " the larvae that 

 have so far been found on Nicotiana affinis and N. glauca have 

 been of the green form ; on Vitex agnus-castus only the dark form 

 of the larva has been found"; he adds that Calberla observed a 

 larva in central Italy in November that had eaten an olive twig 

 bare, and notes that it is remarkable that larvae are so rarely 

 found on tomato, which is so nearly allied to potato ; Horvath 

 notes the larvae as sometimes injuring the potato crop in Hungary, 

 although, even here, the food-plant appears generally to be Lycium 

 barbarian; he adds that "the natural foodplants appear to be 

 Solanaceous plants, others only seem to be requisitioned by the 2 when 

 Solanaceae are not available."] Mansel-Weale states ( Proc. Ent. Soc. 

 London, 1878, p. 5) that, in South Africa, the ordinary form of 

 larva generally feeds on Solanaceae, whilst the darker and rarer 

 variety is found only on species of Lantana. Leigh gives sweet 

 potato, tomato, a large-leaved thistle, a small-leaved climbing-plant, 

 and a species of bramble as the foodplants, at Durban. Clark asserts 

 (Z00L, 1853, p. 4107) that some larvae in his possession preferred slices 

 of the tuber ot potato to the leaves, and that they ate the former voraci- 

 ously when they refused the latter. Aigner-Abari gives (lllus. Zeits.fiit 

 Ent., iv., pp. 177-178) the following list of recorded foodplants 

 under their natural orders. Solanaceae : Datura stramonium, Sola- 

 tium tuberosum, S. nigrum, S. dulcamara, S. lycopersicum, S. melotigetia 

 (in Java*, Madras,* Sicily), S. trilobum ^Ceylon *), S. persicum (Trans- 

 caucasia), S. candens, S. esculentum (North Africa), Nicotiana tabacum 

 (Java,* Borneo,* Philippines *), N. glauca (Italy), Atropa belladonna, 

 Lycium europaeum, L. barbarum (Tiflis, Africa), L. of rum (North 

 Africa), Physalis alkengi, P. somnifera. Bignoniaceae : Catalpa 

 bignonioides (North Africa). Verbenacea; : Vitex agnus-castus (Italy), 

 Stachytarpheta indica (Ceylon*). Oleace^e : Syringa vulgaris, S. 

 persica (Java,* Madras *), Fraxinus excelsior, Liguslrum vulgare, Olea 

 europaea fltaly), Nyclanthes sambac (Ceylon*). Jasminace^e : Jas- 

 minum officinale. Rubiace^e : Rubia tinctorutn. Caprifoliace.<e : 

 Sambucus nigra, Lonicera caprifoliutn, Symphoricarpus racemosus. 

 Composite .• Erigeron canadense. URTiCACEiE : Urtica sp. Morace^e : 

 Morus sp. CannabacejE : Cannabis sativa. Chenopodiacete : Beta 



* These localities suggest that Aigner-Abafi does not separate M. styx from 

 M. atropos. 



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