460 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



species is not sedentary, and does not pass the winter naturally 

 in central and northern Europe, is the fact that almost all places 

 recorded as producing the species in the spring, are marked as 

 " rare," or " very rare," whilst, in the autumn, they are marked 

 as "common" or "very common," with, however, some quali- 

 fication relating to the uncertainty of appearance, e.g., the standard 

 records for the Netherlands (Snellen), Switzerland (Frey), Brunswick 

 (Heinemann), &c. Derenne's record for 1901, of larvae in June 

 in several localities in Belgium, the imagines occurring the following 

 September suggest an egglaying period in May, and does not 

 disagree much from that of Newmarl's record (Ent., ii., p. 283) 

 where he says : " Imagines in June, larvae pupating July-August, 

 most of the imagines emerging from October ist-26th, the rest later at 

 irregular periods." This variation in the length of the pupal period is 

 a very real one, for forced pupae respond very differently under the same 

 forcing stimulus, e.g., Pabst notes that, of 4 pupae from larvae that had 

 gone to earth almost at the same time and were forced, 1 $ emerged 

 December 1st, another? December 7th, a $ December 20th, and a$ 

 April nth. The following dates of appearance from foreign sources 

 may prove interesting : a $ imago on October 25th, 1900, at Guernsey 

 (Lowe), on August nth, 1885, a specimen came on board ship when at 

 anchor off Algiers (Mathew), imagines September 16th, 30th, 

 October 1st, 20th, 1900, at Pont-de-1'Arche (Dupont), June 9th, 1901, 

 a specimen was taken on board ship off" the north coast of Sicily 

 (Fletcher), September nth, 1892, at Chiasso (Knecht), October 

 13th, 1892, at Berne (Benteli), October 24th, 1893, at Berne 

 (Hiltbold), July-August, 1896, at Aix-les-Bains (Agassiz), two imagines 

 captured about September 29th, 1897, at Josnes, Loir-et-Cher 

 (Harrison), imago flying in a room at St. Jean-de-Luz, Basses-Pyre'nees, 

 on August 29th, 1899 (Dupont). In Britain — September 22nd, 1842, 

 at Heaton Park, another at Stalybridge about same time (Edleston), 

 bred June 23rd, 1844, from pupa of preceding year at Horton 

 Kirby (Rashleigh), September 15th, 1845, at Long Benton (Bold), 

 April 18th, 1846, at Land's End (Noye), May 6th, 1846, at Barton- 

 on-Heath (Goatley), May 30th, 1846, at sea, off the Casket Rocks 

 (Bennington), August 7th, September 8th, 25th, 1846, at Land's 

 End (Noye), 11 larvae, 15 pupae, and 3 imagines between August 

 ist-October 6th, 1846, at Chelmsford (Greenwood), 2 c? s August, 

 1846, at Hythe (Harding), October 12th, 1846, at Bristol (Vaughan), 

 bred end of August-September 7th, 1846, at Ely (Fisher), bred 

 October nth, 1846, another July 7th, 1847, from larvae that went 

 down end of July, 1846, at Chipping Norton (Goatley), bred 

 October 15th and 26th, 1848, from larvae that pupated in July 

 at Worcester (Curtler), June 12th, 1856, a fine specimen on 

 the rocks near Scarborough (Langcake), June 28th, 1856, near 

 Merthyr Tydvil (Parry), imago on July 9th, 1856, in the Isle of 

 Wight (Int., i., p. 139), bred August 6th, 1856, at Shanklin 

 (Trimen), imago September 3rd, 1856, near Hayton (Armstrong), 

 August, 1857, several at Topsham (Stanton), larva pupated at 

 Leeds, end of August, 1857, and imago emerged October nth, 1857 

 (Taylor), larvae in August, 1857, at Ilfracombe, fullfed 1st week 

 in September, emerged from October 5th, 1857, onwards (Mathew), 

 May 30th, 1858, a fine specimen apparently just emerged at 



