APPENDIX. 489 



larger and rather clearer. The bayonet on tail reduced. Last 

 instar ; The appearance of the larva in this stage is fairly well- 

 known. The ocellated spots forming circular blue patches with 

 white centres on metathorax are now very large. The subdorsal 

 lines are white and striking. The white raised spots, arranged 

 as in third instar, are enamel-like in their brilliance ; they vary 

 considerably in number and minor arrangement in different 

 individuals; many of them are partly absorbed by the white 

 line, and in some larvae the line is chiefly composed of these 

 spots which have " run " or joined together. The caudal horn 

 no longer has a bayonet. It is a short orange-coloured 

 appendage curved over backwards, with a rough surface. When 

 fullfed the larva is an unwieldy-looking object, with a very 

 small head compared with the size of the body. There is often 

 a pale lilac tinge just below the white line (Powell). 



[Page 254.] Larva. — Final instar : The larva described (pi. i) is 

 not of the usual green and yellow form, but of a scarce variety, mainly 

 fawn and soft liver-coloured in appearance. Extended, it is rather 

 more than 4 ins. in length, lithe, slender of form, and of great 

 grace and daintiness in construction. The head is small and oval, 

 partly retractile within the prothoracic segment which is just large 

 enough to receive it. The segments gradually increase in size to 

 that of the 1st abdominal, and, though partaking of the Eumorphid 

 character of an increase in girth at this point, the segment is not 

 so dilated as in the British Eumorphid larvae ; from this segment 

 to the 8th abdominal, the larva is full and fleshy in form, and the 

 elevation bearing the caudal horn is steep and emphatic. The 

 transverse subsegmental skinfolds are firmly fashioned but do 

 not destroy the breadth and simplicity of form of the segments 

 they traverse. The caudal horn is small, and directed back- 

 wards and downwards. The claspers are powerful nipple-shaped 

 limbs that carry the weighty larva with ease. The colour of the 

 larva is simple and delicate, though of extreme beauty, being a 

 combination of quaker-like fawn and grey liver-colour. The head, 

 which has a porcelain-like surface, is of a soft dove-coloured grey, 

 whilst the main colours of the body are buff and fulvous with 

 the rather darker portions coloured by the soft liver-grey. A thin, 

 well-defined mediodorsal line of liver-colour can be traced from 

 the crown of the head to the posterior edge of the metathoracic 

 segment, where it terminates. At the lateral line is the boundary 

 of the grey liver-colour which covers the lateral and ventral surfaces ; 

 the outline of this boundary is carried obliquely upwards and forwards 

 to the anterior edge of each segment after the 1st abdominal, almost 

 to the dorsal centre, thus leaving a series of broad dorsal triangles, 

 or rather pointed dome-shaped spaces, of the fawn-colour. Along 

 the centre of these the intestinal canal suggests a faintly darker 

 mediodorsal line, particularly so at the segmental junctions. The 

 liver-colour of the lateral surface encroaches most freely upon the 

 dorsal fawn-colour at abdominal segments 4 and 5, consequently 

 making the dome-like triangles smaller there than at either end ; 

 on the spiracular region is a series of blurred blotches of the fawn- 

 colour, fulvous at the base, in some cases resembling in shape an 

 inverted letter Z. There is one of these blotches on each segment, 



