APPENDIX. 491 



tints of the rest of the larva, and suggesting in colour the phos- 

 phorescent gleam of the glowworm's light (October ioth, 1903). 

 Quiescent period preceding pupation : The larva (when it has finished 

 feeding) changes greatly in appearance. The whole of the fawn- 

 colour turns to deep fulvous ; the dorsal area, from the 2nd abdominal 

 segment extending to the caudal horn, and reaching down laterally just 

 below the subdorsal line, becomes of a dark umber-brown colour ; the 

 dome-like triangles disappear entirely ; the lines of the head assume the 

 same dark umber tint, as also the fine mediodorsal line on the pro- 

 thoracic dorsal surface ; a half-circular plate-like marking of the same 

 colour appears on the. dorsal surface of the prothoracic segment, the 

 straight side thereof on the anterior edge, where there is 

 a narrow fulvous edging between it and the head. As 

 noted, the light fawn portions turn to a deep fulvous, but 

 the anal end and claspers are the strongest of these parts 

 in colour being of a quite deep sienna tint. The metathoracic 

 ocellated marks have now lost their beauty, being suffused with 

 black from the jet black of the bordering rings, and the only 

 indication of the gleaming blue centres is a small core of dull 

 purplish colour. Those portions of the larva which had been 

 of grey liver-colour are now of a dull coffee tint. The suffused 

 white lateral line has almost vanished, but the transverse rows 

 of small white spots show in strong relief on the dark ground. 

 The caudal horn is of the same colour as before but looks 

 more brilliant by contrast with the dark dorsal development. 

 Taken as a whole the larva now appears more like the typical 

 form in these changed colours than it did in those which pre- 

 ceded them (October 13th, 1903) [Dollman]. 



[Page 257.] Variation of larva. — From the middle of Sep- 

 tember to October 25th, 1903, the larva? were common at Hyeres, 

 some 140 having been taken. The beautiful light brown form 

 (described by Mr. Dollman supra) was rather more abundant 

 than usual, tor it formed about 8*33 per cent, of the whole, the usual 

 percentage not being above 5. The individuals of the brown form 

 vary somewhat in the intensity of colour and extent of darker brown 

 markings, and some examples develop these characteristics very 

 early, the darker hue having been observed in the second instar ; 

 the colour is then of a pale " tea-and-milk " tint with no deeper 

 brown markings apparent ; at other times, however, the special 

 colour does not appear until the 3rd or 4th instar, when lighter and 

 less strongly marked individuals than the form described above 

 are found. In these, the " strong tea and milk " coloration 

 is paler and yellower, the brownish markings weaker and less 

 clearly traced. When, however, the colour is developed early there 

 results a very strongly-marked final stage, like that described 

 by Mr. Dollman (Powell). 



[Page 257.] Cocoon. — The puparium is quickly made. It is com- 

 posed of almost any kind of d3ris, earth or dried leaves, spun - up 

 with coarse brown threads. It is neither compact nor very rigid, 

 but the threads are fairly strong. There is plenty of room for 

 the pupa inside. All stones and lumps are, however, removed from the 

 earth on which the pupa lies, leaving a smooth bed. The pupa 

 is formed from 5 to 7 days or more after the completion of 



