492 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



the cocoon, the time depending very much upon temperature. 

 The shortest time is taken in hot summer weather (Powell). 



[Page 257. j Pupa. — Newly-formed (October 20th, 1903) : Very 

 delicate and fresh in appearance ; the front part (head and thorax) 

 of a bright light greenish-grey, the posterior portion of a bright 

 butter-coloured yellow tint ; the. whole of the surface translucent and 

 shiny. [The pupa extremely lively and active, taking alarm at the 

 least occasion.] The whole of the dark markings to be described quite 

 as pronounced as afterwards, but warmer and more red in colour. 

 In outline, the pupa is slenderly formed, graceful in outline, exactly 

 2§ins. in length. The form of the head, antennae, legs and wings 

 traceable under their respective sheathings. The wing-cases long, 

 the point of the segment at which they terminate sharply incised, 

 the segments from the head to the point being full and firm in 

 character ; the body posterior to the termination of the wing-cases 

 less in circumference, and tapering but gradually to the anal segment 

 where it rounds off suddenly to the anal point (October 20th). Five 

 days later : By October 25th the pupa had deepened in colour to a rich 

 light sienna tint freely freckled, though minutely, with a deeper shade 

 of this colour. The head and thorax large and bold in form, and, 

 after a slight depression in the outline at the 1st and 2nd abdominal 

 segments, the pupa swells gradually to the posterior edge of the 

 4th abdominal, where it is emphatically scored all round by the 

 segmental division and marked with a deep sienna band ; the two 

 following segmental incisions are also similarly accentuated. These 

 three segments are much more heavily depressed as well as covered 

 at their posterior divisions than the remainder, though all are 

 distinctly and sharply defined. The anal end is the richest in colour 

 of any part of the pupa, gradually becoming deeper in the sienna 

 tint as it reaches the anal point, which is about T V n - l° n g> projecting 

 backwards and slightly upwards, finishing in two minute points 

 diverging laterally, and is also of a deep brown colour, and 

 neither smooth nor shiny in surface. On the head, in the 

 extreme front between the eyes, is a short, broad, intensely dark 

 line, suffused at the edges, which commences immediately on the 

 forehead between the eyes, and travels upwards to stop when 

 vertically over their centre, and is set in an edging of unfreckled 

 sienna-colour ; this dark line commences again behind the head on 

 the junction of the thorax with the head ; it here dilates into 

 two rather diamond-shaped swellings, then traverses the thorax 

 as a mediodorsal line to stop again abruptly, on the posterior 

 end of the thorax, where it again expands into a diamond- 

 shaped blotch. [These markings, in dark brown line, are most 

 vividly and decidedly drawn upon the pupa and are thick and 

 firm in character.] From this point the mediodorsal line 

 extends, in a broken interrupted manner, to the anal segment, 

 but is only faintly indicated upon the centre of the segments ; 

 on the anal segment is a small but very distinct dorsal spot. 

 There is a subdorsal series of small darkish ticks (or marks) on the 

 anterior edge of each segment beginning at the 1st abdominal ; 

 these are gradually more removed from the dorsal centre as 

 the segments widen, and, as they decrease in size, again approach 

 it more nearly. There are also two pairs of small dark sub- 



