APPENDIX. 493 



dorsal dots on the thorax — one pair composed of a dot on 

 each side of the mediodorsal line, the other pair of a dot on 

 each side at about the junction of the meso- and metathoracic 

 segments ; below the last pair is a small elongated mark. The 

 bases of the antennae are also diffused with a thin dark trans- 

 verse line. The prothoracic spiracular mark is seen in a dorsal 

 view, as is also a suggestion of that upon the 2nd abdominal; 

 these are placed in large, intensely dark-brown conspicuous 

 blotches. The lateral view of the pupa is distinguished by 

 two main characteristics, the long wingcases and the series 

 of large and very dark blotches which mark the position 

 of the spiracles ; the first of these is on the prothoracic 

 segment, just above and behind the eye, which possesses a 

 fine semicircular dark mark resting on the sheath of the antenna ; 

 on the 1st abdominal segment the dark blotch is not visible, or only 

 very faintly suggested, so faintly that it can hardly be recorded with 

 certainty, for here the wing-cases enwrap it rather deeply ; on the 

 2nd abdominal the spiracular blotch is uninterruptedly in view ; on 

 the 3rd the lower half of the blotch is concealed by the angle of the 

 wing ; that on the 4th abdominal is the largest of the series, is 

 roundish in outline, though jagged and suffused at the edges ; 

 the remainder all rather smaller or more elongated in form, 

 inclining to a posterior, tail-like point in the marking. On the 

 8th abdominal, just below the spiracular blotch, is a small, dark 

 marking, consisting of two finely drawn vertical ticks (or marks), side 

 by side, and, on the anal segment, is a small round dark dot on the 

 spiracular line. The wingcases are extremely thin and transparent, 

 and, while showing the neuration distinctly, also exhibit the seg- 

 mental divisions with their local colour through their transparent 

 texture. The ventral view is remarkable for a most distinctive feature, 

 viz., a broad, strongly drawn, intensely dark, medioventral line extend- 

 ing from the base of the proboscis on the head (but separated from the 

 short dark mark on the forehead) to the apices of the wings on the 4th 

 abdominal segment ; the line is as firmly and sharply drawn as if it 

 had been made with a J pen along a ruler. In the centre of this dark 

 line is an extremely fine light thread-like longitudinal line. The 

 packing of the proboscis, legs, antennae and wings is wonderfully neat, 

 and the form of these organs can be fairly well discerned by their 

 coverings. On the abdominal segments which bore the prolegs (in 

 the larva), there is a large brownish-red blotch where each proleg had 

 existed, except upon the anal segment where no such marks are visible. 

 There are three small dots on the anterior edge of the 7th abdominal 

 segment, a central one, and one aligned with it on either side. The 

 subspiracular marks of the two ventral ticks (or marks) on abdominal 

 segment 8 are also visible in the ventral view of the pupa. A faint 

 suggestion of a medioventral line runs from the termination of the 

 thick dark line on the posterior edge of the 4th abdominal segment, 

 to the anal point, broken only, just short of that, by the anal aperture 

 and genital organs. A careful examination was made of the venter 

 to determine, if possible, the exact position of the embryonic legs, 

 antennae and wings, and their general form could readily be made 

 out by slowly moving the pupa so that the light was reflected upon 

 the various prominences, but it was not easy to come to a decision 



